The area refers to the area between Syria and Egypt, on the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea, in Western Asia. In Arabic, it is called Filastin. It is divided into the coastal area, the central hill area, and the Jordan Valley, and the eastern part continues to the Syrian Desert. The Jordan Valley area includes Lake Tiberias and the Dead Sea, and the Jordan River flows into the Dead Sea from Mount Hermon. The coast has a mild Mediterranean climate, but the rest of the country is dry and hot. The main cities are Jerusalem, Haifa, Tel Aviv-Yafo, and Gaza. In ancient times, it was called Canaan, and cities such as Nablus, Hebron, Beersheba, Jericho, and Nazareth have existed since ancient times, and are the main setting for the Bible. The name Palestine came about after the Philistines began to live in the southern coastal area. It was a place of invasion and plunder by ancient Oriental countries, and the Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judah flourished in the 11th to 6th centuries BC, and it was ruled by Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic dynasties. After World War I, the eastern part of Jordan was called Sis Jordan (present-day Jordan) and the western part was called Palestine, and in 1923 it was placed under British Mandate. At the same time, with the rise of the Zionist movement, the number of Jewish immigrants increased rapidly, and in 1948 the State of Israel was founded. →Palestine issue→Related topicsInter-Islamic Conference|Intifada|Camp David Accords|Sykes-Picot Agreement|Nablus|Balfour Declaration|Palestinian Authority|PLO|Jews Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
西アジア,地中海東端,シリアとエジプトとの間の地帯をいう。アラビア語ではフィラスティーンFilastin。海岸地帯,中央丘陵地帯,ヨルダン渓谷に分けられ,東部はシリア砂漠に続いている。ヨルダン渓谷地帯にはティベリアス湖,死海があり,ヘルモン山からヨルダン川が死海に注いでいる。海岸は温和な地中海式気候であるが,他は乾燥して暑い。主要都市はエルサレム,ハイファ,テルアビブ・ヤフォ,ガザ。古くはカナンと呼ばれ,ナーブルス,ヘブロン,ベールシェバ,イェリコ,ナザレなどの都市が古くからあり,聖書の主要な背景となっている。南部海岸地帯にペリシテ人が住むようになってからパレスティナの名が起こった。古代オリエント諸国の侵入,争奪の地で,前11−前6世紀にイスラエル王国,ユダ王国が繁栄,ローマ,ビザンティン,イスラム諸王朝の支配を受けた。第1次大戦後,ヨルダンの東側をシス・ヨルダン(現ヨルダン),西側をパレスティナとして,1923年英国の委任統治領とされた。同時期にシオニズム運動の高揚とともに,ユダヤ人の移住が急増し,1948年イスラエル共和国が建国された。→パレスティナ問題 →関連項目イスラム諸国会議|インティファーダ|キャンプ・デービッド合意|サイクス=ピコ協定|ナーブルス|バルフォア宣言|パレスティナ自治政府|PLO|ユダヤ人 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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