Mount Haruna - Harunasan

Japanese: 榛名山 - はるなさん

It is a volcano located almost in the center of Gunma Prefecture, across the Tone River from Mount Akagi to the east, and is familiar to the local people as one of the three mountains of Jomo. The mountain is a double volcano, with the outer rim made of pyroxene andesite and shaped like a cone, which has been dissected into Yaseone Pass, Mt. Fuseushi, Mt. Eboshi, Mt. Bingushi, Mt. Kamon (highest at 1,449 meters), Mt. Tenjin Pass, Mt. Tenmoku, and Mt. Surusu Pass. The caldera inside is an ellipse measuring 4 kilometers east to west and 2.5 kilometers north to south, containing the central crater cone Haruna Fuji (1,390 meters) made of amphibole andesite, the crater floor Numanohara, and the crater floor lake Haruna Lake. A ropeway runs from Numanohara to Haruna Fuji, offering excellent views. In addition, on the eastern slope of the outer rim are the parasitic volcanoes Soumasan, Mizusawasan, and Futatsudake, with the Funao Falls falling over them. Pumice produced by the eruption of Futatsudake (around 600) is distributed throughout the northeastern foot of the mountain, and is mined as a raw material for concrete blocks.

The mountainside is being cultivated, with Orihara and Ropponmatsu on the eastern slope producing local apples, and on the western slope there is a settlement that was opened up after the Second World War up to an altitude of 900 meters. Haruna Shrine on the southern slope is a shrine listed in the Shikinaikan (Engineering Law) and its magnificent shrine building in the Gongen style is built on the base of a cliff, and Ikaho Onsen is located on the eastern slope.

[Murakami Sadao]

[Reference] | Jomo Sanzan | Haruna Shrine

Lake Haruna
A lake in the crater basin of Mount Haruna in western Gunma Prefecture. The lake surface is 1,084m above sea level and has a circumference of 4.8km. In winter, the lake freezes over and many people come to fish for smelt. In the center of the photo is the crater cone of Mount Haruna. Takasaki City, Gunma Prefecture © Takasaki Tourism Association ">

Lake Haruna

Utagawa Hiroshige, "Illustrated Guide to Famous Places in the Sixty-odd Provinces, Ueno, Mount Haruna in the Snow"
1853 (Kaei 6), National Diet Library

Hiroshige Utagawa, "Illustrated Guide to Famous Places in the Sixty-odd Provinces: Ueno, Haruna..."

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

群馬県のほぼ中央部、利根(とね)川を挟んで東の赤城山(あかぎやま)に対する火山で、上毛三山(じょうもうさんざん)の一つとして県民に親しまれている。山体は二重式火山で、外輪山は輝石(きせき)安山岩で構成され、円錐(えんすい)型をなし、開析されてヤセオネ峠、臥牛(ふせうし)山、烏帽子(えぼし)ヶ岳、鬢櫛(びんぐし)山、掃部(かもん)ヶ岳（1449メートルで最高）、天神(てんじん)峠、天目(てんもく)山、磨墨(するす)峠などに分かれ、その内側のカルデラは東西4キロメートル、南北2.5キロメートルの楕円(だえん)形で、そこに角閃(かくせん)安山岩で構成される中央火口丘の榛名富士（1390メートル）や火口原の沼ノ原、火口原湖の榛名湖がある。沼ノ原から榛名富士までロープウェーが通じ、眺望に優れる。また、外輪山東部の山腹に相馬山(そうまさん)、水沢(みずさわ)山、二ッ岳の寄生火山があり、船尾(ふなお)滝がかかっている。二ッ岳の爆発（600年ころ）による軽石(かるいし)が北東麓(ろく)一帯に分布し、コンクリート・ブロックの原料として採掘されている。

　山腹は耕地化が進み、東斜面の折原(おりはら)、六本松(ろっぽんまつ)にはリンゴの特産があり、西斜面には標高900メートルまで第二次世界大戦後開かれた開拓地がみられる。南腹の榛名神社は式内社で権現(ごんげん)造の壮麗な社殿が巌脚(がんきゃく)に建てられ、東腹に伊香保温泉(いかほおんせん)がある。

［村木定雄］

[参照項目] | 上毛三山 | 榛名神社

榛名湖

歌川広重『六十余州名所図会　上野　榛名山雪中』
1853年（嘉永6）国立国会図書館所蔵">

歌川広重『六十余州名所図会　上野　榛名…

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例

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