A pigment. It is made by treating various lichens, especially Roccella litmus, Lecanora lichen, and Usnea diffracta , with ammonia and potassium carbonate, followed by fermentation. It is a purple amorphous powder that dissolves in water and alcohol. It is a mixture of azolithmine and erythrolithmine as main components, and also contains orcein and erythrolein, with only azolithmine having the properties of an acid-base indicator. The color change range of litmus is wider than that of ordinary acid-base indicators, from pH 4.5 to 8.3, and it is red on the acidic side and blue on the alkaline side. Litmus paper, or litmus solution soaked in chalk or gypsum powder and then solidified into small pellets, are commercially available. [Yoshio Narusawa] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
色素の一つ。種々の地衣類、とくにリトマスゴケRoccella、チャシブゴケLecanora、ヨコワサルオガセUsnea diffractaなどをアンモニアと炭酸カリウムで処理し、発酵させてつくる。紫色の無定形粉末で、水、アルコールに溶ける。アゾリトミン、エリスロリトミンを主成分とし、オルセイン、エリスロレインなどを含む混合物であり、アゾリトミンのみが酸塩基指示薬の性質をもっている。リトマスの変色域は通常の酸塩基指示薬より広く、pH4.5~8.3であり、酸性側で赤色、アルカリ性側で青色を呈する。リトマス試験紙、あるいはリトマス溶液を白亜または石膏(せっこう)の粉末にしませ、これを固めて小粒にしたものが市販されている。 [成澤芳男] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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