Checks and balances

Japanese: チェックス･アンド･バランセス（英語表記）checks and balances

It is translated as "checks and balances." It is a theory or system that aims to prevent one power from permeating and dominating by making various powers oppose and check each other. Originally, it was an idea to achieve balance between classes, but after Locke and Montesquieu, it developed as a complementary idea to the theory of separation of powers, and was further institutionalized in the American state constitutions and federal constitution as a balance between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. However, in reality, the existence of political parties has played a role in smoothing out the checks and balances.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

抑制均衡と訳される。諸権力を相互に対立･抑制させることによって，一つの権力が浸透･支配することを防ごうという理論ないし制度。本来，階級間の均衡をはかる思想であったが，やがてロックやモンテスキューを経て，権力分立論の補完思想として発展し，さらにアメリカ各州憲法および連邦憲法に政府の立法･行政･司法各部門間の均衡という形で制度化されるにいたった。ただし実質的には政党の存在が抑制均衡をスムーズにする機能を果たしてきた。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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