quinta essentia (English spelling) quintaessentia

Japanese: quinta essentia(英語表記)quintaessentia
quinta essentia (English spelling) quintaessentia

...In modern thinking, only the fifth element is the essence of matter, and it can become solid, liquid, or gaseous depending on the flow of energy. Aristotle's theory is a monism that considers the fifth element, or fifth elemental quality (quinta essentia), to be the ultimate component. If Aristotle's elemental quality is the same as the Buddhist concept of emptiness, then the four elements, or earth, water, fire, and wind, correspond to the three states of matter and energy, and emptiness, or elemental quality, which is the fundamental component common to all of these, is interpreted as appearing as a combination of matter and energy as earth, water, fire, and wind. ...

From [number]

… Five was thought to represent the human body’s two hands, two feet, head, five fingers, five senses, physical health, love, the substance of matter, and in Platonism, the essence of beauty. In ancient and medieval times, it was an element other than the four elements, the fifth element (quinta essentia) that permeates all things. In China, it was the center of four divisions, or the precious number representing the integration of four points, forming the basis of the Yin-Yang theory of the five elements. As the number 3, which represents heaven, plus 2, which represents earth, it also represents holy marriage, and was used as a pentagon or pentagram to ward off evil. …

From [Alchemy]

…The greatest Christian clergymen of the time, such as R. Bacon, Albertus Magnus, and Thomas Aquinas, were also strongly influenced by alchemical ideas. Aristotelian philosophy, which had previously been rejected, was accepted by the Christian world as something that allowed them to understand the divine light of nature, and its idea of ​​the fifth element, combined with the alchemical idea that the heavenly things extend deeply to the earth, was considered important as quinta essentia (meaning the fifth essence, in English quintessence), that is, the quintessence of things. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "quinta essentia" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…現代的に考えると,第五元だけが物質の本質であって,エネルギーの出入りによって固態にも液態にも気態にもなりうるのである。アリストテレスの説は第五元すなわち第五元質quinta essentiaを究極の成分とする一元論である。アリストテレスの元質が仏教の空と同じものとすれば,四大すなわち地水火風は,物質の3態とエネルギーとに対応し,これらに共通の根本成分である空すなわち元質が,物質やエネルギーの組合せとして地水火風となって現れると解釈される。…

【数】より

… 5は人間の両手両足と頭,5本の指,五感など,また身体的健康や愛,物質の本体,プラトン主義では美の精髄として考えられた。また古代・中世では四大以外の元質で,万象に拡充する第五元素quinta essentiaであり,中国では四分割の中心,または四点の統合を表す貴重な数として陰陽五行説の基礎を成した。天を意味する3と大地の2を足した数として聖なる結婚を意味することもあり,五角形または五芒星形pentagramとして魔よけに用いられた。…

【錬金術】より

…R.ベーコン,アルベルトゥス・マグヌス,トマス・アクイナスなど当時のキリスト教会の最も偉大な聖職者たちの心も,錬金術思想に強くとらえられた。これまでは排斥されていたアリストテレス哲学が,神的な自然の光を理解させるものとしてキリスト教世界に受容され,その第五元素の考え方は,天界のものが地上に深く及んでいるという錬金術特有の発想とあいまって,クインタ・エッセンティアquinta essentia(〈第5のエッセンス〉の意。英語ではquintessence),つまり,ものの〈精髄〉として重要視された。…

※「quinta essentia」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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