The two branches of the Indo-European language family, the Baltic and the Slavic, share common elements in vocabulary and grammar that are distinct from those of other branches of the family. For example, the word for "land" is * zem´a in Proto-Slavic (Old Slavic, Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian zemlja, Polish ziemia, Czech země, Russian, Ukrainian zemljá) whereas in the Baltic languages Lithuanian žemė and Latvian zeme (as in other Indo-European languages, such as Latin humus, "earth," and Greek chamai, "on the earth"). Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
インド・ヨーロッパ語族中の二つの語派――バルト語派とスラブ語派――の間には,語彙の面でも,文法の面でも共通の要素があり,しかも同語族の他の語派とは異なっている。例えば〈土地〉を意味する語は,スラブ祖語で*zem´a(古代スラブ語,セルビア・クロアチア語,スロベニア語zemlja,ポーランド語ziemia,チェコ語země,ロシア語,ウクライナ語zemljá)であるのに対して,バルト語派のリトアニア語ではžemė,ラトビア語ではzemeである(なお同じインド・ヨーロッパ語族の他の語派の言語,たとえばラテン語ではhumus〈土〉,ギリシア語ではchamai〈地上で〉である)。
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