An aircraft machine gun that fires by rotating six barrels using an electric motor or hydraulics. Its official name is the 20mm M61 machine gun. It has a caliber of 20mm, and an astonishing firing rate of 4000 rounds per minute for the electric type and 6000 rounds per minute for the hydraulic type. Since there is a mechanical limit to the firing rate of a single barrel (maximum of about 1000 rounds per minute), the US Air Force developed it (Project Vulcan) based on the principle of the electric multi-barrel rotary machine gun invented by Richard Gatling in 1893 as a weapon for jet fighter aircraft that can fly faster than the speed of sound, and adopted it in 1961. It is now the general name for a multi-barrel machine gun. As the six bundled barrels rotate once around the axis, each performs the firing operations of feeding, closing, firing, extracting, and ejecting. Currently, it is used not only in aircraft but also in armored vehicles and ships, and is linked to anti-aircraft radar and computers to automatically search, detect, track, evaluate, and fire, making it the main anti-aircraft weapon. There is also a 7.62 mm caliber machine gun for ground use, called the Minigun. [Yoshio Kobashi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
電気モーターまたは油圧を利用して6本の銃身を回転させながら発射する航空機関砲。正式には20ミリM61マシンガンという。口径20ミリ、電動式は1分間4000発、油圧駆動式は1分間6000発の驚異的な発射速度をもつ。単銃身の発射速度には機構上限度がある(最大約1000発/分)ことから、アメリカ空軍は音速以上のジェット戦闘機用兵器として、1893年にリチャード・ガットリングが発明した電動の多銃身回転式機関銃の原理をもとに開発(バルカン計画)して1961年に採用した。現在では多銃身機関銃の一般名称となっている。束ねられた6本の銃身は軸の周囲を1回転する間に、それぞれが給弾・閉鎖・撃発・抽莢(ちゅうきょう)・排出の発射動作を行う。現在は航空機用のほか装甲車両や艦船にも搭載されて対空レーダー・コンピュータと連動し、捜索・探知・追尾・評価・発射などを自動的に行う対空火器の主力となっている。口径7.62ミリの対地用機関銃もあり、ミニガンとよばれる。 [小橋良夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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