Premature Labor

Japanese: 早産 - そうざん(英語表記)Premature Labor
Premature Labor
[What kind of disease is it?]
Delivery between 22 and 36 weeks of pregnancy is called premature birth. The earlier a baby is born, the less he or she weighs and the more immature their organs are. In particular, if the lungs are immature, it is not easy to manage the baby.
[Cause]
Maternal causes of premature birth include cervical incompetence ("cervical incompetence"), uterine fibroids ("uterine fibroids"), uterine abnormalities such as uterine morphological abnormalities, maternal infections such as chlamydia, or overwork of the pregnant woman. Fetal causes include multiple pregnancy ("What is a multiple pregnancy?"), polyhydramnios ("polyhydramnios"), premature rupture of membranes ("premature rupture of membranes"), and chorioamnionitis. Severe pregnancy-induced hypertension (toxemia of pregnancy") ("premature hypertension (toxemia of pregnancy")) is also a typical cause.
[Testing and diagnosis]
Premature birth is diagnosed based on the dilation of the cervix, the presence or absence of uterine contractions or labor pains, and the outflow of amniotic fluid.
Tests include fetal heart rate monitoring (non-stress test), ultrasound tomography, fibrinectin detection in vaginal discharge, granulocyte elastase measurement in cervical mucus, and bacterial culture of vaginal discharge. Blood tests are also used to check for the presence of infections.
[Treatment]
The basic treatment is to lie down and rest and use drugs to suppress uterine contractions and antibiotics, but cervical cerclage may also be performed.
●Precautions and prevention in daily life To prevent premature birth, avoid strenuous work such as moving house and excessive exercise.
The early symptoms of premature labor are a heavy feeling in the lower abdomen, a small amount of bleeding, red and brown vaginal discharge, etc. If you experience these symptoms, first stay calm and call your doctor.
Inpatient treatment produces the best results, so try to be admitted to a hospital and receive treatment as much as possible.

Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information

Japanese:
[どんな病気か]
 妊娠22週から36週までの分娩(ぶんべん)を早産といいます。早産で生まれた赤ちゃんは、週数が短いほど体重が少なく臓器は未熟です。とくに肺が未熟な場合は、育てるための管理が容易ではありません。
[原因]
 早産をおこす母体側の原因には、頸管無力症(けいかんむりょくしょう)(「頸管無力症」)、子宮筋腫(しきゅうきんしゅ)(「子宮筋腫」)、子宮形態異常などの子宮の異常、クラミジアなどの母体感染症、あるいは妊婦の過労などがあります。胎児(たいじ)側では、多胎妊娠(たたいにんしん)(「多胎妊娠とは」)、羊水過多(ようすいかた)(「羊水過多」)、前期破水(ぜんきはすい)(「前期破水」)、絨毛羊膜炎(じゅうもうようまくえん)などがあります。重症の妊娠高血圧症候群(にんしんこうけつあつしょうこうぐん)(妊娠中毒症(にんしんちゅうどくしょう))(「妊娠高血圧症候群(妊娠中毒症)」)も、代表的な原因の1つです。
[検査と診断]
 早産は、子宮口(しきゅうこう)の開大(かいだい)、子宮収縮もしくは陣痛(じんつう)の有無、羊水流出などから診断されます。
 検査には、胎児心拍数モニタリング(ノンストレステスト)、超音波断層法、帯下(たいげ)(おりもの)中のフィブリネクチン検出法、子宮頸管粘液(ねんえき)中の顆粒球エラスターゼ測定および帯下の細菌培養検査などがあります。また、血液検査で感染症の有無なども調べます。
[治療]
 横になって安静を保ち、子宮収縮抑制剤や抗生物質を使用するのが基本的な治療法ですが、子宮頸管縫縮術(しきゅうけいかんほうしゅくじゅつ)を行なうこともあります。
●日常生活の注意と予防
 早産を予防するためには、転居などの激しい労働や過度の運動を避けます。
 早産の初期症状は、下腹部の鈍重感、少量の出血、赤色および茶色の帯下などです。このような症状がみられたら、まずは安静を保ち、医師へ電話連絡してください。
 入院治療はもっともよい成果が得られますので、できるだけ病院に入院して、治療を受けるようにしましょう。

出典 小学館家庭医学館について 情報

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