There are two types of wave energy power generation: one that uses the vertical motion of waves and one that uses the horizontal motion. The installation method of the power generation device can be floating on the sea surface or fixed to a breakwater. The energy contained in one wavelength of a wave is proportional to the square of the wave height, but it is the power that is effective for power generation. Power is the product of energy and the wave speed. The speed of a wave is not the speed at which the shape of the wave moves (phase velocity), but the speed at which energy moves (group velocity). The total wave power in the world is about 40 petawatts (peta is 10 to the 15th power), which is almost 4000 times the energy currently consumed by humanity. Of the solar energy that pours onto the earth, the remaining amount, after subtracting the amount reflected by clouds and returning to space, is about 120 petawatts. The energy that reaches the coasts of the world and near the coasts of Japan is said to be about 2 to 3 terawatts (tera is 10 to the 12th power) and 30 to 50 gigawatts (giga is 10 to the 9th power), respectively. Considering the efficiency of the equipment, the amount of energy used will not exceed one-thirtieth to one-twentieth of this amount even in the near future, but even 0.1 terawatts is about one-tenth of the current amount of electricity generated in the world. In Japan, a 100-watt wave power generation device is used to power buoys used as navigation aids. Wave power generation has not yet reached the stage of practical use on an industrial scale, either in Japan or abroad. [Kenzo Takano] "Energy of the Sea" by Kenzo Takano (1984, Kyoritsu Shuppan) [Reference item] | |©Shogakukan "> Principles of wave power generation Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
波浪エネルギーによる発電で、波浪の上下運動を利用するものと水平運動を利用するものとがある。発電装置の設置方式としては、海面に浮かべるものと防波堤などに固定するものとがある。波の1波長に含まれるエネルギーは波高の2乗に比例するが、発電にきくのは工率である。工率はエネルギーと波の速さの積である。波の速さは、波の形が進む速さ(位相速度)ではなく、エネルギーが進む速さ(群速度)である。世界中の波力を合計すると40ペタワット(ペタは10の15乗)くらい、人類が現在消費しているエネルギーのほぼ4000倍になる。地球に注ぐ太陽エネルギーのうち、雲などで反射して宇宙空間に戻る分を差し引いた残りは約120ペタワットである。世界中の海岸、および日本の海岸の近くに到達するエネルギーはそれぞれ2~3テラワット(テラは10の12乗)、30~50ギガワット(ギガは10の9乗)くらいらしい。装置の効率などを考えると、近い将来でも利用量はこの到達エネルギーの30分の1から20分の1を超えないだろうが、0.1テラワットでも、現在の世界の発電量の約10分の1である。日本では航路標識用のブイの電源として100ワットの波力発電装置が使われている。工業規模では日本でも外国でも波力発電はまだ実用に至らない。 [高野健三] 『高野健三著『海のエネルギー』(1984・共立出版)』 [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> 波力発電の原理 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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