Saline soil - Enruidojo

Japanese: 塩類土壌 - えんるいどじょう
Saline soil - Enruidojo

This type of soil occurs in localized depressions in the arid regions of the interior of the continent. It contains a large amount of sodium salts (NaCl, Na2CO3 , etc. ). In Japan and many other areas with warm, rainy climates, the soil is hydrolyzed by seepage water, and bases such as sodium, potassium, and calcium are leached out, causing the soil to become acidic. However, in steppe and desert regions, most of the small amount of precipitation evaporates, and some of the seepage water only breaks down the sodium components, causing sodium salts to accumulate in poorly drained depressions. In the depressions of the arid basin, topsoil with white spot-like accumulations is scattered, creating a landscape that contrasts with the grasslands with deep groundwater levels. The soil's reaction is neutral to slightly alkaline (about pH 8), not strongly alkaline like alkaline soil, but due to the high salt concentration, almost no plants grow. In Russia, this type of soil is called solonchak. It does not exist in Japan, but a similar soil that contains salt is reclaimed land soil immediately after construction.

[Shigeo Asami]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

大陸内部の乾燥地域のなかで、局地的凹地に生ずる土壌。ナトリウム塩(NaCl,Na2CO3など)を多量に含んでいる。日本をはじめ多くの温暖多雨気候の土地では、土壌は浸透水によって加水分解され、ナトリウム、カリウム、カルシウムなどの塩基類は溶脱して土壌の酸性化を招くが、ステップや砂漠地方ではわずかな降水の大部分が蒸発し、一部の浸透水はナトリウム成分を分解するだけで、排水不良の凹地にナトリウム塩を集積させる。乾燥盆地内の凹所には白斑(はくはん)状の集積物をもつ表土が散見され、地下水位の深い草地と対照的な景観をみせる。土壌の反応は中性から弱アルカリ性(pH8程度)で、アルカリ土のような強アルカリ性ではないが、高い塩分濃度のためにほとんど植物の生育をみない。ロシアではこの種の土壌をソロンチャクとよぶ。日本には存在しないが、塩分を含む点で類似の土壌として造成直後の干拓地土壌がある。

[浅海重夫]

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