A large basin in northern France. Plains and hills alternate in a concentric pattern with Paris at its center. It is both a topographical unit and a large regional unit. It is bordered by mountains belonging to ancient orogenic belts, such as the Ardennes Plateau in the northeast, the Vosges Mountains in the east, and the Massif Central in the south. In terms of geological structure, the sedimentary layers that continue through Flanders and the Normandy Peninsula to southeastern England were flexed during the Paleogene period of the Cenozoic era, causing the center to become concave. In the Île-de-France region, which is in the center of the basin, the newest Neogene strata can be seen, and toward the periphery, the strata become limestone, sandstone, mudstone, and other rocks belonging to the lower Mesozoic era. As hard and soft strata alternate and gently slope outward, a cuesta topography is formed by differential erosion. The hills arranged in concentric circles around Paris, particularly on the north-east-southeast sides, have gentle slopes on the inner slopes, but steep cliffs on the outer side. From the cliffs of the Île-de-France near Paris to the outskirts, there are the cliffs of Champagne, the cliffs of the Meuse, and the cliffs of the Moselle. These cliffs have been used as important fortifications in the defense of Paris. At the foot of the cliffs, there are many wine-growing areas like those in the Champagne region. Most of the basin belongs to the Seine and its tributaries, the Oise, the Marne, and the Eure, but some are drained by rivers such as the Loire, the Meuse, and the Moselle. The plains are divided by these rivers into plateaus such as the Picardy Plateau, the Brie Plateau, and the Beauce Plateau. These plateaus are fertile because they are covered with soil of limestone origin and loess, and wheat, sugar beets, potatoes, and other crops are grown there. Wheat in particular is grown on a large scale in mechanized farms, and is highly productive. The Paris Basin is the capital of the French Republic, and is located in the geographic center of the region. It has played a key role in the formation of the French nation. Even today, the population and industry of the Paris metropolitan area is highly concentrated, and the Paris Basin is the cultural, economic and political center of France. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
フランス北部の大盆地。パリを中心として平地と丘陵とが交互に同心円状に配列する。地形的単元であると同時に,大区分の地域単元でもある。北東部はアルデンヌ高地,東部はボージュ山地,南部はマシフサントラル(中央山地)など古期造山帯に属する山地で境される。地質構造上はフランドル地方,ノルマンディー半島を経てイングランド南東部に連続する堆積層が,新生代古第三紀に中央部がくぼむ撓曲作用を受けたものである。盆地の中央部にあたるイルドフランス地方では,最も新しい新第三紀の地層が見られ,周辺部に向かうにつれて,下部の中生代に属する石灰岩,砂岩,泥岩などの地層となる。硬軟の地層が交互に堆積し,外側にゆるやかに傾斜しているため,差別浸食によってケスタ地形が形成されている。パリを中心として特に北-東-南東側に顕著な,同心円状に配列する丘陵地は,内側斜面の傾斜はゆるいが,外側は急崖をなしている。パリに近いイルドフランスの急崖から周辺に向かって,シャンパーニュの急崖,ムーズ川の急崖,モーゼル川の急崖がある。これらの崖線は,パリ防衛の重要な要塞線として利用されてきた。崖の麓には,シャンパーニュ地方のようなブドウ栽培地帯も多く見られる。盆地の大部分は,セーヌ川とその支流のオアーズ川,マルヌ川,ウール川などの流域に属するが,一部はロアール川,ムーズ川,モーゼル川などの河川に排水される。平地部はこれら河川によってピカルディ台地,ブリ台地,ボース台地などの台地に分かれる。これらの台地は,石灰岩起源の土壌やレスに覆われているため肥沃で,コムギ,テンサイ,ジャガイモなどが栽培されている。特にコムギ栽培は大規模で,機械化された農場で行なわれ,高い生産性を示している。盆地の中心都市パリは,地勢上でも中央部にあって,フランスの国家形成の中核となってきた。今日でもパリ大都市圏の人口,産業の集中度は高く,パリ盆地はフランスの文化,経済,政治の中心となっている。
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