formation

Japanese: formation

...Since physiognomy can be seen at a glance as subarctic coniferous forests and temperate grasslands, and since they are closely related to the environment, this vegetation classification is simple and convenient. In this case, the unit of classification is called a formation. The other is vegetation classification based on species composition, which is done by compiling a composition table obtained by investigating vegetation, extracting specific species (diagnostic species) that classify vegetation by their presence or absence, and establishing vegetation units such as beech-Oba-Kuromoji community, beech-Abies sachalinensis community, and Oba-Bodai-Quercus crispula community (Zurich-Montpellier school). ...

From [Physiognomy]

...It is determined mainly by the life form of the dominant species in a plant community, and is also used to classify plant communities. It was first proposed in the early 19th century by plant geographer A. von Humboldt, who divided 19 life forms into categories that characterized vegetation, such as palm-shaped, banana-shaped, and cactus-shaped, and the vegetation characterized by these life forms was called a community formation. Since then, various life form classifications have been attempted, and because the density, height, complexity, seasonality, and color of the community are also involved in determining physiognomy in addition to the life form of the dominant species in the community, a unified system for physiognomy classification and community classification based on it has not yet been established.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "formation" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…相観は亜寒帯針葉樹林･温帯草原のように一見してとらえられ，環境と密接な関係があるので，この植生分類は簡単で便利である。この場合の分類の単位は群系formationという。もう一つは種組成に基づく植生分類で，これは植生を調査して得た組成表をまとめ，その有無で植生を区分する特定の種(診断種)を抽出し，ブナ‐オオバクロモジ群集，ブナ‐アオトドマツ群集，オオバボダイジュ‐ミズナラ群集のように植生の単位を設けるやり方で，植物社会学(チューリヒ･モンペリエ学派)により行われている。…

【相観】より

…主として植物群落の優占種の生活形によって決められ，植物群落の分類にも用いられる。19世紀初頭，植物地理学者のA.vonフンボルトにより最初に提唱され，そこでは，ヤシ形，バナナ形，サボテン形などの19の植生を特徴づける生活形区分が行われ，それによって特徴づけられる植生が群系formationと呼ばれた。その後，さまざまの生活形分類が試みられ，また群落優占種の生活形以外に，群落の密度，高さ，複雑さ，季節性，色合いなどが相観の決定にかかわっているため，相観の類別やそれに基づく群系分類の統一的体系は現在でも確立していない。…

※「formation」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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