Kyoto [City] - Kyoto

Japanese: 京都[市] - きょうと

Kyoto City occupies the southern part of Kyoto Prefecture, the northern half of the Kyoto Basin, and the eastern part of the Tanba Highlands. It was incorporated as a city in 1889. It is the prefectural capital. It is made up of 11 districts: Kita, Kamigyo, Sakyo, Nakagyo, Higashiyama, Shimogyo, Minami, Ukyo, Fushimi, Yamashina, and Saikyo (a city designated by government ordinance). In ancient times, it was home to immigrants such as the Hata clan and Kamo clan, and the foundations of the city were laid with the construction of Heian-kyo by Emperor Kanmu in 794. From then until 1869, it was the capital of Japan for over a thousand years, except for the time of Taira no Kiyomori's Fukuhara-kyo. Although it lost its position as the political center during the Kamakura and Edo periods, it maintained its advanced status in terms of culture, religion, industry, and other aspects. Most of the city was burned down during the Onin War, but the grid-like town layout of the Heian-kyo period and the earthen ramparts (Odoi) built by Toyotomi Hideyoshi for defense remain. The city is home to a variety of traditional industries, mainly run as home-based businesses, and well-known examples include Nishijin weaving, Yuzen dyeing, Kiyomizu ware, Kyoto folding fans, Kyoto dolls, Kyoto Buddhist altar implements, tea ceremony utensils, and Fushimi sake. Large factories for electrical equipment, transportation equipment, spinning, pharmaceuticals, and other industries are located on the outskirts of the city, and in recent years the city has also become home to a thriving high-tech industry, giving it a strong industrial feel. Another feature of the city of academics is the large number of printing and publishing businesses. Muromachi-dori forms a kimono wholesale district, and Shijo-dori, Kawaramachi-dori, Teramachi-dori, and Shinkyogoku-dori are entertainment and shopping districts lined with movie theaters, restaurants, department stores, and souvenir shops targeting tourists. Gion and Ponto-cho are famous entertainment districts. Suburban agriculture is practiced in the rural areas, producing turnips, green onions, eggplants, burdock, radishes, and potatoes. Kamigamo's sugukina and Nishiyama's bamboo shoots are famous Kyoto specialties. Nakagawa, Onogo, and other northern mountainous areas produce Kitayama logs (cedars), known for their alcove pillars, and the Tanba highlands produce chestnuts and matsutake mushrooms. The Tokaido Main Line and Shinkansen connect to the southern part of the city, and the San'in Main Line and Nara Line branch off. The Hankyu and Keihan Electric Railways connect to Osaka, the Kintetsu Railway connects to Nara, the Keihan Keishin Line connects to Otsu, the Keifuku Electric Railway connects to Arashiyama, and the Eizan Electric Railway connects to Kurama and Yase. The city's subway Karasuma Line and Tozai Line run through the city. The Meishin Expressway also has two interchanges. While the development of these transportation systems has attracted many commuters and students from surrounding cities and towns, Kyoto also has a strong character as a residential satellite city of Osaka City. It is also an international tourist city that attracts 35 million tourists a year, and is rich in historical sites, scenic places, and shrines and temples, including Kyoto Imperial Palace, Nijo Castle (World Heritage Site), Kamo Mioya Shrine (World Heritage Site), Higashi Honganji Temple, Nishi Honganji Temple (World Heritage Site), Toji Temple (World Heritage Site) in the center of Kyoto, Heian Shrine, Yasaka Shrine, Chion-in Temple, Kiyomizu Temple (World Heritage Site), Sanjusangendo Temple, Nanzen-ji Temple, Jisho-ji Temple (Ginkaku-ji Temple) (World Heritage Site), and Rokuon-ji Temple (Kinkaku-ji Temple) (World Heritage Site) in the western part of Kyoto. Famous temples include: Koryuji Temple, Myoshinji Temple, Daikakuji Temple, Ninnaji Temple (World Heritage Site), Ryoanji Temple (World Heritage Site), Saihoji Temple (Moss Temple) (World Heritage Site), Jingo-ji Temple, Katsura Imperial Villa, Kosan-ji Temple (World Heritage Site), Tenryu-ji Temple (World Heritage Site), Kamo Wakeikazuchi Shrine in the north of Kyoto (World Heritage Site), Daitoku-ji Temple, Shugakuin Imperial Villa, Sanzen-in Temple, Jakko-in Temple, Kurama-dera Temple, Fushimi Inari Taisha Shrine in the south of Kyoto, Fushimi Momoyama Mausoleum, Daigo-ji Temple, etc. Mountains such as Mt. Hiei, Mt. Higashiyama, and Mt. Atago are also beautiful, and Maruyama Park, Arashiyama, Saga, Yase, Ohara, and Daigo are famous for their cherry blossoms and autumn leaves. There are many annual events such as Kyoto's three major festivals - Aoi Festival, Gion Festival, and Jidai Festival - and the Daimonji bonfire. There are cultural facilities such as museums, art galleries, the International Conference Center, and botanical gardens, and many universities such as Kyoto University, Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City University of Arts, Doshisha University, Ritsumeikan University, and Kyoto Women's University. In April 2005, Keihoku Town, Kitakuwata County, was incorporated. 827.83 ^km2 . Population 1,474,015 (2010).
→ Related topics Otani University | Kyoto [Station] | Shuchiin University | Nanto | Bukkyo University | Ryukoku University

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

京都府南部，京都盆地の北半と丹波高地東部を占める市。1889年市制。府庁所在地。北，上京，左京，中京(なかぎょう)，東山，下京，南，右京，伏見，山科(やましな)，西京の11区からなる（政令指定都市）。　古代は秦(はた)氏，鴨氏などの渡来人が居住していた地で，794年桓武天皇の平安京造営によって都市の基盤ができた。以後1869年まで，平清盛の福原京時代を除き，千年余にわたる日本の首都であり，鎌倉・江戸時代には政治の中心の地位を失ったが，通じて文化，宗教，産業などの面で先進性を保った。応仁・文明の乱により市街の大半を焼失したが，平安京時代の碁盤目状町割や豊臣秀吉が防備のために築いた土塁（御土居）が残っている。　市街地には主として家内工業的に営まれる各種の伝統工業があり，西陣織，友禅，清水(きよみず)焼，京扇子，京人形，京仏具，茶道具，伏見清酒などいずれも著名。市街地周辺部には電機，輸送用機器，紡績，製薬などの大工場も立地し，近年は先端技術産業も盛んで工業都市的色彩が強い。印刷出版業の多いのも学芸都市の特色である。室町通は呉服問屋街を形成し，四条通，河原町通，寺町通，新京極などは映画館，飲食店，百貨店，観光客相手のみやげ物店などが立ち並び娯楽・商店街をなす。祇園(ぎおん)，先斗(ぽんと)町は歓楽街として著名。農村部では近郊農業が営まれ，カブ，ネギ，ナス，ゴボウ，大根，芋類などの産があり，上賀茂のスグキナ，西山のたけのこは京都の特産として名高い。中川，小野郷(おのごう)など北部山地では床柱材として知られる北山丸太（杉）を産し，丹波高地ではクリ，マツタケを産する。　東海道本線および新幹線が市街地南部に通じ，山陰本線，奈良線が分岐，大阪との間には阪急・京阪両電鉄，奈良との間には近鉄，大津との間には京阪京津線があり，嵐山に京福電鉄，鞍馬・八瀬には叡山電鉄が通じる。市内には市営の地下鉄烏丸(からすま)線，東西線が走る。名神高速道路も２ヵ所にインターチェンジを設ける。これら交通機関の発達により周辺市町から通勤通学者を集める反面，大阪市の住宅衛星都市的色彩も強い。　年間3500万の観光客を集める国際観光都市でもあり，史跡，名勝，社寺が多く，洛中の京都御所，二条城（世界遺産），賀茂御祖(みおや)神社（世界遺産），東本願寺，西本願寺（世界遺産），東寺(とうじ)（世界遺産），洛東の平安神宮，八坂神社，知恩院，清水(きよみず)寺（世界遺産），三十三間堂，南禅寺，慈照寺（銀閣寺）（世界遺産），洛西の鹿苑寺（金閣寺）（世界遺産），広隆寺，妙心寺，大覚寺，仁和寺(にんなじ)（世界遺産），竜安寺(りょうあんじ)（世界遺産），西芳寺（苔寺）（世界遺産），神護寺，桂離宮，高山寺（世界遺産），天竜寺（世界遺産），洛北の賀茂別雷(わけいかずち)神社（世界遺産），大徳寺，修学院(しゅがくいん)離宮，三千院，寂光院，鞍馬寺，洛南の伏見稲荷大社，伏見桃山陵，醍醐寺などいずれも著名。比叡山，東山，愛宕(あたご)山などの山々も風光にすぐれ，円山(まるやま)公園，嵐山，嵯峨，八瀬，大原，醍醐は桜または紅葉の名所である。葵(あおい)祭，祇園祭，時代祭の京都三大祭や大文字の送り火など年中行事も多い。博物館，美術館，国際会館，植物園などの文化施設，京都大学，京都教育大学，京都工芸繊維大学，京都府立大学，京都府立医科大学，京都市立芸術大学，同志社大学，立命館大学，京都女子大学などの多くの大学がある。2005年４月北桑田郡京北町を編入。827.83km²。147万4015人（2010）。
→関連項目大谷大学｜京都［駅］｜種智院大学｜南都｜仏教大学｜龍谷大学

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