Industrial area

Japanese: 工業地域 - こうぎょうちいき

An area where industries are concentrated in a certain location and have a content that is quantitatively and qualitatively distinct from other areas. Among industrial regions, particularly large ones or ones that are geographically stripped are often called industrial zones. Notable examples include the Great Lakes coastal industrial area and the New England industrial area in the United States, and the four major industrial areas in Japan: the Keihin industrial area, the Hanshin industrial area, the Chukyo industrial area, and the Kitakyushu industrial area. Industrial regions are divided into heavy (chemical) industrial areas and light industrial areas based on the predominance of the industrial type within the region, and into inland industrial areas and coastal industrial areas based on their location. Industries begin to agglomerate in order to obtain benefits such as reductions in transportation costs by locating close to raw material producing areas and large markets, and in industries that are highly dependent on trade, at ports. Agglomeration further brings benefits such as easy access to labor and energy, and shared use of industrial facilities, and further agglomeration forms an industrial region. However, if industry becomes overcrowded, the benefits of agglomeration decrease, and pollution occurs, causing losses to the local community. By the late 1960s, the problems of overcrowding were already becoming evident in Japan's four major industrial regions. However, the rapid growth of industry brought about by technological innovations from the 1960s onwards led to the creation of new industrial zones in coastal and inland areas beyond the existing industrial zones, with the development of the Pacific Belt Zone being particularly remarkable.
→ Related items Special Industrial Development Areas

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

工業がある位置に集まって量的・質的に他と区別される内容をもつ地域。工業地域のうち，とくに規模の大きなもの，あるいは地理的に帯状のものを工業地帯とよぶことが多い。米国の五大湖沿岸工業地帯，ニューイングランド工業地帯などや，日本の京浜工業地帯，阪神工業地帯，中京工業地帯，北九州工業地帯の四大工業地帯などはその顕著な例である。工業地域は地域内の工業種別の卓越度により重（化学）工業地域と軽工業地域に，またその位置から内陸工業地域と臨海工業地域に分ける。工業は原料産地，大市場などに近接して，また貿易依存度の高い業種では港湾などに立地することにより，輸送費節減などの利益を図ろうとして，地域的集積が始まる。集積はさらに労働力，エネルギーなどの入手の便，産業諸施設の共同利用などの利益を生じ，ますます集積を重ね工業地域を形成していく。しかし工業が過密化すれば集積利益は逓減し，また公害を生じて地域社会にも損失を与える。1960年代後半には，日本でも四大工業地帯はすでに過密の害が目だちはじめた。一方1960年代以降の技術革新による工業の急速な成長により，既成の工業地帯を越えて臨海部，内陸部に新たな工業地帯を発生させ，特に太平洋ベルト地帯の発展が著しい。
→関連項目工業整備特別地域

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