Hayami Gyoshu

Japanese painter. Born in Asakusa, Tokyo, as the second son of Makita Ryozaburo (a pawnbroker). His real name was Eiichi, and he later took his mother's surname Hayami. In 1908 (Meiji 41), he became a student of Matsumoto Fuko, and in 1910, he exhibited his first work at the Tatsumi Art Association. The following year, he joined the Koji-kai group with Imamura Shiko and Yasuda Yukihiko, and was particularly influenced by his senior fellow student Shiko, which helped him to improve his artistic talent. In 1914 (Taisho 3), he participated in the revival of the Japan Art Institute as an associate, and in 1917, his work ``Rokudai Rakugai'' (Six Themes Outside Kyoto) was recognized at the 4th Inten Exhibition, and he was recommended to the association. In 1919, he lost his left ankle in a traffic accident, but he continued to work hard despite the misfortune, and exhibited his masterpiece ``Kyoto Maiko'' (Geisha in Kyoto) with detailed depictions at the Inten Exhibition the following year. He continued to pursue realism, and by turning to Chinese Academy painting he strengthened his subjectivity, developing a style of painting with a symbolic flavor that can be seen in his 1925 works "Trees" and "Flame Dance". He then turned his attention away from detailed depictions and turned to the Rinpa school, working hard to fuse traditional decorative beauty with modern Western art. Works such as "Green Moss and Green Grass" (1928) and "Famous Trees and Scattered Camellias" were some of the results of his efforts. In 1930 he traveled to Italy as an art ambassador to take part in the Rome Japanese Art Exhibition, and toured various parts of Europe before returning to Japan. After returning to Japan, he aimed to simplify his expression, producing works such as "Two Subjects of Women", "Beside Flowers", "Excerpts from a Woman of Qingqiu", and "Circus Girl". He died suddenly of typhoid fever at the age of 40.

[Minoru Harada]

"Hayami Gyoshu - Works and Drawings" edited by Kawakita Michiaki et al., 2 volumes (1981, Mitsumura Tosho Publishing) " "Contemporary Japanese Art 14: Hayami Gyoshu" (1977, Shueisha) " "Hayami Gyoshu" edited by Yoshida Kozaburo (1975, Benrido)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

日本画家。蒔田(まきた)良三郎（質商）の二男として東京浅草に生まれる。本名栄一。のち母方の速水姓を名のる。1908年（明治41）松本楓湖(ふうこ)に入門、10年に巽(たつみ)画会に初めて出品する。翌年今村紫紅(しこう)、安田靫彦(ゆきひこ)らの紅児会に加わり、ことに同門の先輩紫紅の感化を受けて画才を伸ばした。14年（大正3）の日本美術院再興には院友として参加、17年の第4回院展で『洛外(らくがい)六題』が認められて同人に推された。19年に交通事故で左足首を切断するが、不幸にめげず精進し、翌年の院展に細密描写の大作『京の舞妓(まいこ)』を出品している。写実の追究はさらに続き、中国院体画にも注目して主観性を強め、25年の『樹木』『炎舞』にみられる象徴味をたたえる画風を開いた。その後、細密描写を離れ、琳派(りんぱ)にも関心を向け、伝統的な装飾美と西洋近代術の融和を図って苦心を重ねた。『翠苔緑芝(すいたいりょくし)』（1928）、『名樹散椿(めいじゅさんちん)』などがその成果である。30年ローマ日本美術展覧会に美術使節としてイタリアに渡り、ヨーロッパ各地を巡って帰国した。帰国後は表現の単純化を目ざし、『女二題』『花の傍』『青丘婦女抄』『サーカスの少女』などを制作している。チフスのため40歳で急逝。

［原田　実］

『河北倫明他編『速水御舟――作品と素描』全二巻（1981・光村図書出版）』▽『『現代日本の美術14　速水御舟』（1977・集英社）』▽『吉田幸三郎編『速水御舟』（1975・便利堂）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例