Hayashi Yuteki

Japanese: 早矢仕有的 - はやし・ゆうてき

Year of death: February 18, 1901 (Meiji 34)
Year of birth: Tempo 8.8.9 (1837.9.8)
A Meiji-era businessman. Founder of Maruzen Co., Ltd. He put into practice the business ideas of Fukuzawa Yukichi. He was the son of Yamada Ryucho, a doctor from Sasano Village, Mino Province (Mugi Town, Gifu Prefecture), but his father died of an illness before he was born, so he was taken in and adopted by his mother's foster family, the Hayashi family of the same village. He studied medicine in Ogaki and Nagoya, and opened a practice in his hometown. At the age of 19, he went to Edo, and while practicing medicine, he learned Western medicine from Tsuboi Nobumichi (the second head physician) and English studies from Tani Nobutaka (Tsuboi Nobumichi's younger brother), and then entered Keio Gijuku, where he studied under Fukuzawa Yukichi. In 1868 (Meiji 1), while working at a sexual hospital in Yokohama, he opened a bookstore there. On January 1, 1869, he established Maruya Shosha as a rudimentary company organization. The company's business activities included a bookstore (for Fukuzawa's books, foreign books, etc.), a pharmacy, imported goods, and publishing, and it expanded its stores to Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, and Nagoya. In February 1838, with investment from Fukuzawa and his disciples, it was reorganized as Maruzen Shosha Limited Liability Company. It also invested in and supported the management of various businesses founded by Fukuzawa and his disciples, such as the Yokohama Specie Bank, the Trading Company, and Meiji Life Insurance. When Maruya Bank, a type of savings bank that it had been running since 1837, went bankrupt in April 1847, he took responsibility for the failure of the Trading Company and the slump in the Yokohama Specie Bank, resigned from his positions as president of Maruzen Shosha and all other company directors, worked to restructure the debts of the various businesses, and spent his final years in misery. There is a strong theory that he is the originator of Hayashi rice. <References> Maruzen Company History, edited by Tsukasa Tadashi

(Hidemasa Morikawa)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：明治34.2.18(1901)
生年：天保8.8.9(1837.9.8)
明治時代の実業家。丸善株式会社の創業者。福沢諭吉の実業思想を実践した。美濃国笹野村(岐阜県武儀町)の医師山田柳長の子だが,誕生前に父が病死したので,母の養家である同村の早矢仕家に引き取られ,養子となった。大垣,名古屋で医術を修め,郷里で医師を開業。19歳で江戸に出,医師を開業しつつ,坪井信道(2代)に洋医学を,谷信敬(坪井信道の弟)に英学を学び,さらに慶応義塾に入学,福沢諭吉に師事した。明治1(1868)年横浜の性病院に勤務するかたわら,同地に書店を開業した。2年1月1日,初歩的な会社組織として丸屋商社を設立。事業内容は書店(福沢の著書,洋書など),薬局,輸入雑貨,出版などで,東京,大阪,京都,名古屋に店舗を拡大し,13年2月,福沢とその門下生の出資を得て,責任有限会社丸善商社に改組した。また,福沢とその門下生の創設した横浜正金銀行,貿易商会,明治生命などの諸事業に出資,経営両面で協力した。12年以降経営していた一種の貯蓄銀行・丸家銀行が17年4月に破綻すると,貿易商会の失敗,横浜正金銀行の不振も含めて責任をとり,丸善商社社長をはじめすべての会社役員を辞任し,諸事業の債権整理に努め,不遇な晩年を送った。ハヤシライスの元祖という説が有力である。<参考文献>司忠編『丸善社史』

(森川英正)

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