Scriptorium

Japanese: scriptorium

… The contents of the Psalms vary slightly from one month to another, but generally they consist of (1) a calendar page (listing Christian holidays and saints' days for each month), (2) excerpts from the Gospels, (3) a prayer to the Virgin Mary beginning with "Obsecro te" (I beseech thee), (4) a prayer to the Virgin Mary beginning with "O intemerata" (O Immaculate), (5) the Office of the Virgin Mary, (6) the Office of the Holy Cross, (7) the Office of the Holy Spirit, (8) the Seven Psalms of Penitence, (9) a Couplet, (10) the Office of the Dead, and (11) prayers for the intercession of the saints.
[Production in the manuscript workshop]
While the breviary was written in the scriptorium of the monastery as part of the divine office, along with the devout prayer of the monks, the Psalms were produced in private manuscript workshops by scribes and several painters. However, for both the breviary and the Psalms, the work of adding the text, initials, full-page illustrations, and marginal decorations to the parchment or vellum was shared among them.

From the manuscript illustration

…
[Byzantine Empire]
In the Middle Ages, manuscripts of the Bible were used in church ceremonies and were considered sacred, so they became more luxurious and larger. Throughout the Byzantine Empire, huge numbers of manuscripts were produced in workshops such as the imperial court and in monastic scriptoria. Early Byzantine works such as the Vienna Genesis (6th century) and the Rossano Gospels (6th century) are heavy works made of purple parchment. …

From [Bookbinding]

...The act of assembling sheets of paper in the correct order to form a book. Specifically, the sheets are folded in page order to form quires, which are then collated (collated), bound, and covered, and the edges and spine are decorated. Bookbinding is broadly divided into Japanese binding (watoji) and Western binding (yototo), but today almost exclusively the latter is used, and the term "bookbinding" generally refers to Western binding (Figure 1).
【history】
The history of bookbinding begins with the emergence of books.

From the Library

…But this was not realized until around 540, after his retirement, when he founded the Vivarium monastery and established a library there. A scriptorium was established there, and Greek texts were translated into Latin, and classical learning was passed on thanks to him. Around 529, Benedict also founded a monastery at Monte Cassino and established the so-called "Rule of Benedict," which stipulated that reading and copying were daily habits. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "scriptorium" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…　内容は各時禱書によって多少異なるが，一般的には，(1)カレンダー･ページ(各月ごとにキリスト教の祝祭日や聖人祝日を記載)，(2)四福音書の抜粋，(3)〈オブセクロ･テObsecro te(あなたにせつに願う)〉に始まる聖母マリアの祈禱，(4)同じく聖母への〈オ，インテメラタO intemerata(おお，けがれなき者よ)〉で始まる祈禱，(5)聖母マリアの聖務，(6)聖十字架の聖務，(7)聖霊の聖務，(8)回心の七詩篇，(9)連禱，(10)死者の聖務，(11)諸聖人のとりなしの祈禱，である。
［写本工房での制作］
　聖務日課書が修道院の写字室(スクリプトリウムscriptorium)で，聖務の一つとして修道士の敬虔な祈禱とともに作業が行われたのに対し，時禱書は民間の写本工房で，写字者と幾人かの画家によって制作された。ただし聖務日課書も時禱書も，羊皮紙や子牛皮紙(ベラム)にテキスト，イニシャル，全ページ大の挿絵，余白装飾などを施すのは分担で行われた。…

【写本画】より

…
［ビザンティン帝国］
　中世では聖書写本が教会の典礼などに用いられ，それ自体神聖視されたため，写本はいっそう豪華で大型になった。ビザンティン帝国の全時代を通じて，宮廷などの工房や修道院の写字室(スクリプトリウムscriptorium)で莫大な数の写本が制作された。ビザンティン初期の《ウィーン創世記》(6世紀)や《ロッサーノ福音書》(6世紀)は紫羊皮紙の重厚な作品である。…

【製本】より

…紙葉を順序正しくまとめて本の形にすることであるが，具体的には紙葉をページ順に折りたたんで折丁とし，これを順序よくそろえて(丁合（ちようあい）)とじ，表紙をつけ，その平（ひら）や背などに装飾をおこなうことをいう。製本は和装本(和綴（わとじ）)と洋装本(洋綴)に大別されるが，現在ではほとんど後者だけで，一般に〈製本〉といえば洋装本を意味するほどである(図1)。
【歴史】
　製本の歴史は本の発生とともに始まる。…

【図書館】より

…しかしそれが実現するのは引退後の540年ころ，みずからウィウァリウムVivarium修道院を建て，これに図書館を併置したときであった。そこには写字室(スクリプトリウムscriptorium)が設けられ，ギリシア語の文献がラテン語に翻訳され，彼のおかげで古典的な学問が伝えられることになる。また529年ころベネディクトゥスはモンテ･カッシノに修道院をつくるとともに，いわゆる〈ベネディクトゥスの会則〉を定めたが，その中に読書や写本が日課として定められていた。…

※「scriptorium」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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