Also called plain silk, it is a post-refined fabric with a flat weave, using untwisted raw silk for the warp and weft. Habutae refers to the fact that two warp threads are passed through one reed when weaving, and the name was likely given to this feature because it allows for a more even warp thread in the warp direction than the "plain" type, which uses only one warp thread. Originally, it was only available in narrow widths, but after the Meiji period, exports became popular and it came to be divided into wide and narrow types for domestic and export, but there are also differences in quality. The narrow width is 36 centimeters wide, and the fabric is particularly thick, and is characterized by the fact that the weft threads are moistened and woven to tighten the texture. As it is a post-refined fabric, it is finished by scouring and bleaching after weaving. The wide width is a relatively thin cloth that is 91.4 centimeters wide and 40 meters long. There are many types of plain weave, but depending on the thread used and the weave, there are also types such as one-sided habutae, moro habutae, aya habutae, and mon habutae, and recently synthetic fibers have also been woven. Before World War II, it was an important export product, but demand has declined due to changes in lifestyle. Because it is post-drying, it is difficult to weave in dry areas, so the Hokuriku region is the main production area. [Kadoyama Yukihiro] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
平絹(へいけん)ともいい、経緯(たてよこ)糸に無撚(よ)りの生糸などを使用した主として平組織の後練り織物。羽二重とは製織するとき筬(おさ)の一羽に経糸2本を通すことをいったもので、1本だけ通した「素(す)入り」よりも、経方向に筬目(おさめ)ができるので、この特徴から名称がつけられたのであろう。もとは小幅のものばかりであったが、明治以後は輸出が盛んとなり、内地向けと輸出向けに分け、広狭に分類するようになったが、品質的にも差異を生じている。小幅のものは、幅36センチメートルで、とくに生地(きじ)は厚地で、製織に際しては緯糸を湿して打ち込み、地合いを引き締めるのが特徴である。後練り織物であるから、製織したのち精練漂白して仕上げる。広幅は、幅91.4センチメートル、長さ40メートルを一反としたもので、比較的薄地のものである。 種類としては、平組織のものが多いが、糸使い、組織の変化により、片羽二重、諸(もろ)羽二重、綾(あや)羽二重、紋(もん)羽二重などがあり、最近では合繊のものも製織されている。第二次世界大戦前は輸出の重要商品であったが、生活内容の変化により需要は減退した。後練りのため乾燥地帯では製織しにくいので、北陸地方が主要生産地である。 [角山幸洋] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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