harpsichord

Japanese: ハープシコード
harpsichord
A plucked string instrument with a keyboard (see stringed instruments). It is also called clavecin (French), clavicermbalo, or cembalo (Italian), and its characteristics as an instrument vary considerably depending on the era and region. As a clavier (keyboard instrument), it held the most important position along with the organ until the piano was introduced at the end of the 18th century, but structurally it is a plucked string instrument developed from the psalterium, and is different from the piano, which strikes the strings. When a key is pressed, the tip of the jack (a wooden stringing mallet) stands vertically at the end of the key, and the plectrum (made of a bird's feather or leather, called a plectrum) scratches the string from below. There are several strings with different sound qualities for each key, and many of them are selected by pedals or stop keys, and two keyboards are common. It has a five-octave range and a delicate and elegant tone, but there is little variation in volume due to differences in touch, and the sound lasts for a shorter period of time than a piano. With the development and popularity of the piano, the instrument was forgotten for almost a century, but attempts to revive it began at the end of the 19th century, and it has been brought back to life in modern times thanks to the efforts of Landowska and others. There are many works for the harpsichord by 20th century composers such as Falla, Martin, Poulenc, and Gorecki. → Spinet / Virginal / Recorder → Related topics: Kanoon | Couperin | Clavichord | Keyboard instruments | Early music | Scarlatti | Veyron Lacroix | Rameau

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
鍵盤(けんばん)をもつ撥弦(はつげん)楽器(弦楽器参照)。クラブサンclavecin(フランス語),クラビチェンバロ,チェンバロcembalo(イタリア語)ともいい,時代や地域により楽器としての特徴はかなり異なる。クラビーア(鍵盤楽器)としては,18世紀末にピアノに移行するまで,オルガンとともに最も重要な地位を占めたが,構造的にはプサルテリウムから発達した撥弦楽器で,打弦するピアノとは異なる。鍵を押すと,その先に垂直に立つジャック(木製の打弦槌(つい))の先端の爪(つめ)(鳥の羽軸または革製で,プレクトラムと呼ばれる)が下から弦を引っかく。1つの鍵について数種の音質の異なる弦があり,ペダルまたはストップ(音栓)キーでこれを選択するものが多く,鍵盤も2段が一般的。音域は5オクターブ,音色は繊細で華麗だが,タッチの差による音の強弱がほとんど得られず,音の持続もピアノに比べると短い。ピアノの発展と普及に押されてほぼ1世紀の間忘れられた楽器となっていたが,19世紀末から復興の試みが始まり,ランドフスカらの尽力で現代によみがえった。ファリャ,マルタン,プーランク,グレツキら20世紀の作曲家によるハープシコード作品も少なくない。→スピネット/バージナル/リコーダー
→関連項目カーヌーン|クープラン|クラビコード|鍵盤楽器|古楽|スカルラッティ|ベイロン・ラクロア|ラモー

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