Hydraulic model - Suirimokei (English spelling) hydraulic model

Japanese: 水理模型 - すいりもけい（英語表記）hydraulic model

This refers to a device used in the study of atmospheric, oceanic, and river flows, where flows similar to the original are reproduced in a tank for observation and measurement. Unlike nature itself, the advantages of a model are that conditions can be controlled, changed over a wide range, and examined repeatedly. Full-size models are used for small-scale phenomena such as wind waves, while scaled-down models are used for large-scale phenomena such as tsunamis and ocean currents. Models of terrain or buildings only need to maintain geometric similarity, but models of fluid movement must also satisfy the law of mechanical similarity, which stipulates that the ratio of the forces acting on the fluid be matched to the original.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

大気，海洋，河川等の流れの研究において，水槽内に原型と類似の流れを再現して，観察･測定する装置をいう。自然そのものと違って諸条件が制御でき，広い範囲で変えられ，繰返し調べられる点に長所がある。風波程度の小規模現象には実物大の模型，津波や海流などの大規模の現象には縮小模型が用いられる。地形や建物の模型は幾何学的相似性だけ保てばよいが，流体の運動の模型では，さらに，流体に働いている力の大きさの比を原型に合わせるという力学的相似則を満足させる必要がある。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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