Vanillin

Japanese: バニリン - ばにりん(英語表記)vanillin
Vanillin

An aromatic aldehyde, another name for 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde. It is naturally found in the Mexican orchid vanilla bean, benzoin, clove oil, etc. The native Mexicans knew the aroma of vanilla beans and used them in tobacco and as a drink, but it was Columbus who brought vanilla beans to Europe. In 1857, Nicolas-Theodore Gobley (1811-1876) extracted crystals of this compound from vanilla beans, and in 1858 named it vanillin. The coniferin contained in vanilla beans is decomposed by fermentation to become vanillin, which precipitates as crystals on the surface of the beans. Coniferin is also found in coniferous trees such as fir, so it was used as a raw material for vanillin. Currently, vanillin produced by oxidizing lignosulfonic acid using cheap lignin from the United States and Canada accounts for the majority of the world market. It is a white crystal with a sweet fragrance similar to chocolate. It is difficult to dissolve in water, but is highly soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and ether. It is widely used as a food flavoring, in dairy products such as ice cream (vanilla), cocoa, and as a tobacco flavoring and perfume.

[Mr. Hirota March 19, 2015]

[References] | Lignin [Supplementary Materials] | Vanillin (Data Note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

芳香族アルデヒドの一つで、4-ヒドロキシ-3-メトキシベンズアルデヒドの別名。メキシコ原産のラン科植物バニラ豆(バニラビーンズ)、安息香、ちょうじ油(丁字油)などに含まれて天然に存在する。メキシコの先住民はバニラ豆の香気を知っていて、これをたばこに詰めたり飲み物として用いたりしていたが、バニラ豆をヨーロッパにもたらしたのはコロンブスである。1857年にゴブリーNicolas-Theodore Gobley(1811―1876)はバニラ豆からこの化合物の結晶を取り出し、1858年にバニリンと命名。バニラ豆に含まれているコニフェリンが発酵により分解してバニリンになり、豆の表面に結晶として析出する。コニフェリンはモミなどの針葉樹にも含まれているので、バニリンの原料として用いられた。現在では、アメリカおよびカナダ産の安価なリグニンを利用して、リグニンスルホン酸を酸化する方法により生産されるバニリンが世界市場の大半を占める。チョコレートに似た甘い芳香をもつ白色結晶。水には溶けにくいが、エタノール(エチルアルコール)、エーテルなどの有機溶媒にはよく溶ける。食品香料としての用途は広く、アイスクリーム(バニラ)などの乳製品、ココアなどに用いられるほか、たばこのフレーバーや香水としても用いられている。

[廣田 穰 2015年3月19日]

[参照項目] | リグニン[補完資料] | バニリン(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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