A calendar system in which days are counted by the lunar month, which is the cycle of the waxing and waning moon, and the seasons are adjusted by the solar year (tropical year) which is determined by the movement of the sun. It is also called the Yin-Yang calendar or the Lunar calendar for short. Various lunisolar calendars have been created depending on how well the lunar month and the fractional part of the solar year are adjusted, that is, how leap months are inserted. The main calendars that belong to this category are the Babylonian calendar, the Greek calendar, the Jewish calendar, the Indian calendar, and the Chinese calendar (the Taien calendar). The calendar system used in Japan until 1872 (Meiji 5) was the Chinese calendar or a Chinese-style lunisolar calendar that imitated it, and is called the old calendar (lunar calendar) in contrast to the solar calendar adopted in 1873, which is called the new calendar. The lunar months from January to December have the following alternative names: Mutsuki (January in the lunar calendar), Kisaragi (February in the lunar calendar), Yayoi (March in the lunar calendar), Uzuki (April in the lunar calendar), Satsuki (May in the lunar calendar), Minazuki (June in the lunar calendar), Fumizuki (July in the lunar calendar), Hazuki (August in the lunar calendar), Nagatsuki (September in the lunar calendar), Kannazuki (October in the lunar calendar), Shimotsuki (November in the lunar calendar), Shiwasu (December in the lunar calendar). [Toshio Watanabe] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
月の満ち欠けする周期の朔望(さくぼう)月で日を数え、太陽の運行による周期太陽年(回帰年)をもって季節を調節してゆく暦法。略して陰陽暦、陰暦ともいう。朔望月と太陽年の端数をどのようにうまく調節してゆくか、すなわちどのように閏(うるう)月を挿入するかによって種々の太陰太陽暦法が生ずる。この暦法に属するおもなものとして、バビロニア暦、ギリシア暦、ユダヤ暦、インド暦、中国暦(大衍(たいえん)暦)などが知られている。日本で1872年(明治5)以前まで行われてきた暦法は、中国暦またはそれに倣った中国流の太陰太陽暦で、73年から採用した太陽暦を新暦というに対して旧暦(陰暦)という。陰暦1月から12月まで次のような異称がある。睦月(むつき)(陰暦1月)、如月(きさらぎ)(同2月)、弥生(やよい)(同3月)、卯月(うづき)(同4月)、五月(さつき)(同5月)、水無月(みなづき)(同6月)、文月(ふみづき)(同7月)、葉月(はづき)(同8月)、長月(ながつき)(同9月)、神無月(かんなづき)(同10月)、霜月(しもつき)(同11月)、師走(しわす)(同12月)。 [渡辺敏夫] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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