Vincenzo Gioberti

Japanese: ジョベルティ - じょべるてぃ(英語表記)Vincenzo Gioberti
Vincenzo Gioberti

Italian philosopher and politician. As a priest of the court of his birth in Turin, he devoted himself to theological studies while also participating in political activities. Due to his liberal and republican ideas, he lived in exile in Paris and Brussels, during which time he wrote many books, including "Introduction to the Study of Philosophy" (1840) and "On the Moral and Civil Superiority of the Italian People" (1843), which had a major spiritual and political influence on the Risorgimento (unification) of Italy. In 1848, he returned to Italy and participated in the cabinet, but due to the political situation, he went into exile again in Paris the following year in 1849, and devoted the rest of his life to writing about philosophy and politics. The results of his work were published posthumously as "Philosophy of Revelation" (1856), "On the Catholic Reformation of the Church" (1856), "Protologia" (1857), and others. Along with Rosmini Selbach, he was a representative of 19th century Italian Christian idealism. He opposed sensualism, but at the same time criticized Rosmini for his psychologism, and called his own position ontological. He argued that the idea, the absolute and eternal truth that appears in intuition, the source of all human cognition, is not an ideal or possible being, but the actual and absolute being of Being (Ente), that is, God Himself. He believed that humans can see that "beings create beings" through intellectual activity, and that through free ethical activity, they can achieve the idea that "beings return to beings."

[Keiji Otani]

[References] | Italian Philosophy | Risorgimento | Rosmini Selvati

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリアの哲学者、政治家。生地トリノの宮廷付き司祭として、神学研究に励む一方、政治活動にも参加する。自由主義的・共和主義的思想のため、パリ、ブリュッセルなどで亡命の生活を送り、その間に『哲学研究入門』(1840)や、イタリアのリソルジメント(統一)に大きな精神的・政治的影響を与えた『イタリア人の倫理的、市民的優位について』(1843)など多くの著書を著した。1848年イタリアに帰り内閣に参与するが、政治的状況から翌1849年改めてパリに亡命、余生を哲学や政治に関する著述活動に捧(ささ)げた。その成果が『啓示の哲学』(1856)、『教会のカトリック的改革について』(1856)、『プロトロジア』(1857)などとして死後出版された。ロスミーニ・セルバーチとともに19世紀イタリアのキリスト教的唯心論の代表者として、感覚論に反対するが、同時にロスミーニを心理主義として批判し、自分の立場を本体論主義とよんだ。人間のあらゆる認識の根源たる直観において現れる絶対的・永遠的真理たるイデアは、理念的・可能的存在ではなく、現実的・絶対的存在たる実有(エンテ)、すなわち神自身であるとする。人間は知的活動において、「実有は存在者を創造する」のをみることができるとともに、自由な倫理的活動によって、「存在者は実有に帰る」という理念を成就(じょうじゅ)することができると考える。

[大谷啓治]

[参照項目] | イタリア哲学 | リソルジメント | ロスミーニ・セルバーチ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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