Hokiichi Hanawa

A scholar of Japanese classics in the late Edo period. Born on May 5, 1270 (Enkyo 3). The eldest son of Ogino Uhei, a farmer from Hokino Village, Kodama County, Musashi Province (Kodama Town, Honjo City, Saitama Prefecture). His childhood name was Toranosuke. At the age of seven, he became blind due to illness and changed his name to Tatsunosuke. At the age of 15, he went to Edo and became a disciple of Ametomi Kengyo Sugaichi, changing his name to Chiya. The following year, at Sugaichi's recommendation, he studied waka poetry under Hagiwara Souko and Shintoism under Kawashima Takashige. Later, he studied ancient customs under Yamaoka Matsuake and medicine under Tozenji Temple's Koshuso. At the age of 18, he changed his name to Hokino Hajime. At the age of 24, he became a disciple of Kamo Mabuchi at the recommendation of Muneto. At the age of 30, he adopted the surname Hanawa (Suga Hajime's real surname) and changed his name to Hokiichi. At the age of 34, he decided to publish a series of unpublished national books that existed in various places, and at the age of 41 (1786) he began publishing Gunsho Ruiju (530 volumes, 1270 titles), which he completed at the age of 74 (1819) with the support of the shogunate. Since bookstores at the time only carried publications by his peers, he struggled with sales, and it is said that he would visit his subscribers at the beginning of the year to greet them.

At the age of 48 (1793), he opened the Japanese Studies School in Omote Rokubancho, Edo, where he educated the next generation and conducted research and investigations into books and historical materials. The name Onkodo was originally given to the school by Matsudaira Sadanobu. He cooperated in the compilation and revision of the Dai Nihonshi, and also planned to publish Zoku Gunsho Ruiju and Shiryo, but these were left unfinished. At the age of 76, he became a general inspector. His books include Hanasaku Matsu and Buke Myomoku Sho. The 17,244 woodblocks of Gunsho Ruiju are kept by the Onkogakkai in Higashi, Shibuya Ward, Tokyo, and the collection of the Japanese Studies School is kept by the National Archives of Japan. He died on September 12, 1821 (reported to the government on July 9, 1822). He was 76 years old. His grave is still extant at Aizen-in Temple in Wakaba-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, and Ryusen-ji Temple in Kodama-cho, Honjo City, Saitama Prefecture. There is a memorial hall in Honjo City, and his birthplace is also preserved.

[Umetani Fumio]

``Yoshimaro Ota's ``Yoshikazu Hanawa'' (1966, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)' ' ▽ ``Research on Yasumasa Hanawa'' edited by Onko Gakkai (1981, Perikansha)''

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸後期の国学者。延享(えんきょう)3年5月5日生まれ。武蔵(むさし)国児玉(こだま)郡保木野(ほきの)村（埼玉県本庄(ほんじょう)市児玉町）の百姓荻野宇兵衛(おぎのうへえ)の長男。幼名寅之助(とらのすけ)。7歳、病により失明、辰之助(たつのすけ)と改称。15歳、江戸に出、雨富検校須賀一(あめとみけんぎょうすがいち)に入門、千弥と改名。翌年、須賀一の勧めで、歌学を萩原宗固(はぎわらそうこ)に、神道を川島貴林(たかしげ)に学ぶ。のち故実を山岡浚明(まつあけ)に、医学を東禅寺の孝首座(こうしゅそ)に学ぶ。18歳、保木野一と改名。24歳、宗固の勧めで賀茂真淵(まぶち)に入門。30歳から塙姓（須賀一の本姓）を称し、名も保己一と改める。34歳、各地に存する未刊の国書を叢書(そうしょ)として出版することを志し、41歳（1786）から『群書類従』（530巻1270種）の刊行を開始し、幕府の援助を得て、74歳（1819）完成する。当時の本屋は仲間以外の出版物を扱わなかったので、販売面でも苦労し、年頭には予約購読者を訪ねて挨拶(あいさつ)して回ったという話も伝わる。

　48歳（1793）江戸・表六番町和学講談所を開設し、後進の教育と、図書・史料の研究調査活動を進めた。温故堂の号は、初め松平定信(さだのぶ)が講談所に命名したもの。『大日本史』の編纂(へんさん)・校訂に協力したほか、『続群書類従』『史料』などの出版も計画したが未完成に終わる。76歳、総検校となる。著書に『花咲松(はなさくまつ)』『武家名目(みょうもく)抄』などがある。『群書類従』の版木1万7244枚は東京都渋谷区東の温故学会に、和学講談所の蔵書は国立公文書館に現蔵。文政(ぶんせい)4年9月12日没（文政5年7月9日公儀に届出）。76歳。墓は東京都新宿区若葉町の愛染院と埼玉県本庄市児玉町の竜泉寺とに現存する。本庄市には記念館があり、生家も保存されている。

［梅谷文夫］

『太田善麿著『塙保己一』（1966・吉川弘文館）』▽『温故学会編『塙保己一研究』（1981・ぺりかん社）』

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