Chromic acid mixture

Japanese: クロム酸混液 - くろむさんこんえき(英語表記)chromic acid mixture
Chromic acid mixture

A mixture of a saturated solution of potassium dichromate and concentrated sulfuric acid (both of which may be industrial grade). It is a cleaning solution that is mainly used to remove dirt from glass containers.

The chromium(VI) oxide or polychromate ions produced in the solution have an oxidizing effect in acidic solutions, and therefore oxidize and decompose organic dirt adhering to glassware, cleaning the equipment. Small equipment is placed in a cleaning tank filled with this solution, while larger equipment and measuring vessels used for volumetric analysis are filled with this solution and left overnight. The cleaned glassware is thoroughly washed with water, and finally washed with distilled water, and dried if necessary before use. This cleaning solution can be used many times, so it is returned to the cleaning tank after each use. If the chromium(III) salts turn green after long-term use, they will no longer be effective, so they should be made fresh.

This solution has a strong oxidative decomposition effect on organic matter, so care must be taken not to get it on hands or laboratory clothing. If the cleaning solution does accidentally get on clothing, rinse it off with plenty of water and neutralize it with sodium carbonate or similar. Sulfuric acid has low volatility, so it may cause holes in clothing when it dries. Furthermore, chromium (VI) compounds (hexavalent chromium) are harmful, and strict sewerage standards apply, so waste liquid should not be poured into the sewer. Although chromic acid mixtures have the advantage of having strong cleaning power, they also have several drawbacks, so recently detergent-based cleaning solutions have come to be used.

[Yoshio Narusawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

二クロム酸カリウムの飽和溶液と濃硫酸(試薬はいずれも工業用でよい)との混合溶液をいう。主としてガラス容器の汚れを取り除くために用いる洗浄液でクリーニング溶液ともいう。

 溶液中に生じている酸化クロム(Ⅵ)またはポリクロム酸イオンが酸性溶液中で酸化作用をもつので、ガラス器具類に付着した有機物の汚れを酸化分解し、器具を清浄にする働きを示す。小形の器具類はこの液を入れた洗浄槽中につけ、大形のものや容量分析に用いる測容器類はこの液を満たして、一夜放置する。清浄にしたガラス器具類はよく水洗し、最後に蒸留水で洗浄し、必要ならば乾燥して使用する。この洗浄液は何回も使えるので、使用のつど洗浄槽に戻す。長期間の使用によってクロム(Ⅲ)塩が緑色を帯びてきたら効力がないので、新しくつくりかえる。

 この液は有機物を酸化分解する作用が強いから、手とか実験衣類につけないように十分注意する。もし誤って衣服類に洗浄液がついたら、多量の水で洗い流し、炭酸ナトリウムなどで中和しておく。硫酸は揮発性が小さいので乾燥すると衣類に穴があくことがある。なおクロム(Ⅵ)化合物(六価クロム)は有害で、下水道の排水基準が厳しいので、廃液を下水に流してはいけない。クロム酸混液は洗浄力が強い利点があるが、このようにいくつかの欠点があるので、最近は表面活性剤を基剤とする洗浄液が用いられるようになっている。

[成澤芳男]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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