Barnard's star

Japanese: バーナード星 - ばーなーどせい(英語表記)Barnard's star
Barnard's star

A red star with a visual magnitude of 9.5 in the constellation Ophiuchus. It is the second closest star to Earth, 4.4 light years away, after Alpha Centauri, and is 5.9 light years away. Its position on the celestial sphere is 17:58 right ascension and +4°42' declination at the 2000th equinox. Since all stars move in space relative to the solar system, when observed from the solar system, the direction in which each star appears on the celestial sphere changes very slightly. This is called proper motion. Barnard's Star is famous for its proper motion of 10.31 arcseconds per year, the largest of any star in the entire sky. It was discovered by E. E. Barnard in 1916, hence the name. It is a main sequence star of spectral type M4, with a surface temperature of about 3300K. Its mass is estimated to be about 0.17 times that of the Sun, and its radius is about 0.15 times that of the Sun. Its radial velocity is also high, approaching the solar system at 108 kilometers per second, and when its proper motion is included, its space speed relative to the solar system is 140 kilometers per second. According to calculations, in about 10,000 years, it will approach by about 3.9 light years, and its position on the celestial sphere will move about 51 degrees northward from its current position. At that time, its apparent magnitude will be about one magnitude brighter than it is now, and its proper motion will increase to about 25 seconds per year. In the past, observations that showed that the proper motion of this star was meandering led to the prediction that it might have an invisible companion star, but this is now doubted.

[Akira Okazaki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

へびつかい座にある実視等級9.5等の赤色の星。ケンタウルス座α(アルファ)星の4.4光年に次いで2番目に近い恒星で、距離は5.9光年。天球上の位置は、2000年分点の座標で、赤経17時58分、赤緯プラス4度42分である。すべての星は太陽系に対してそれぞれ空間運動しているので、太陽系から観察すると、個々の星の見える方向は天球上できわめてわずかに変化していく。これを固有運動という。バーナード星は固有運動が1年間あたり角度で10.31秒にも及び、全天の恒星中最大であることで有名である。1916年にE・E・バーナードにより発見されたのでこの名がある。スペクトル型はM4の主系列星で、表面温度は約3300K。質量は太陽の約0.17倍、半径は約0.15倍と推定されている。視線速度も大きく、毎秒108キロメートルで太陽系に近づきつつあり、固有運動の成分も含めると、太陽系に対する空間速度は毎秒140キロメートルとなる。計算によると、およそ1万年後には、距離が約3.9光年まで接近して、天球上の位置も現在よりも北に約51度も移動する。そのとき、実視等級は現在より1等ほど明るくなり、固有運動も1年間あたり25秒程度まで大きくなる。かつて、この星の固有運動が蛇行しているとの観測報告から不可視伴星が存在するらしいと予想されたが、現在では疑問視されている。

[岡崎 彰]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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