A calendar that indicates the best time to flower and enjoy fruit by season or month. In nature, the flowering of flowers plays an important role as an indicator in predicting the seasons, and was once used as a guide for agricultural work. Historically, China has a long history, and the section on "Flower Calendar" in the middle volume of "Hiden Kakyo" by Chen Huozi from the early Qing dynasty gives instructions on when to begin agricultural work, mainly based on flowering and weather. Japan's flower calendar was introduced from China and developed, and the "Aizu Nosho" (1684) contains work instructions based on the flowering of indicator plants. In this way, in Japan, plants that bloom regularly every year, such as the magnolia magnolia in spring and cherry blossoms in autumn, were empirically read under natural climate conditions and used for sowing, propagation and harvesting. Meanwhile in Europe and the United States, naturalists have conducted research into flowering conditions such as temperature and photoperiod, and have conversely promoted or suppressed flowering, leading to horticultural use. Today, flower calendars are most widely used for ornamental purposes, where the period of flowering is more important than the time of year. In particular, flower calendars are created and used in botanical gardens and gardens to guide the viewing period. [Yasuo Hori] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
四季別または月別に花の開花期や果実の観賞時期を示した暦。自然界での花の開花は、季節を予知するうえで重要な指標的役割をもち、かつては農作業を進める目安ともした。歴史的には中国が古く、清(しん)代初期の陳淏子(ちんこうし)『秘伝花鏡』の中編「花暦」の項には、主として開花や天候にあわせた農作業の取り組み時期が指示されている。わが国の花暦は中国から取り入れられて発達したもので、『会津(あいづ)農書』(1684)には指標植物の開花による作業指示が記載されている。 こうしてわが国では自然気候下で、春のコブシ、サクラ、秋のヒガンバナといった毎年定期的に咲くものを経験的に読み取り、播種(はしゅ)、繁殖、収穫に利用した。一方欧米では自然学者らによって温度、日長などによる開花条件の研究が進み、逆に開花の促進や抑制を行って園芸的利用につなげた。現在、花暦がもっとも活用されているのは観賞面においてであり、開花時期よりも期間が重要視される。とくに植物園や庭園では観賞期間の案内に花暦を作成し利用している。 [堀 保男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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