A work that freely develops musical ideas or has a fantastical content, and is a translation of "Fantasia" or "Fantasia". However, before the 18th century, it was the name of instrumental music with strict counterpoint. The word "Fantasia" appeared in collections of stringed instruments such as lute and vihuela from the beginning of the 16th century, and in keyboard music of the 17th century, it became a musical form that made full use of advanced counterpoint such as expanding and reducing the theme (Frescobaldi, Sweelinck). At the same time in England, fantasy was considered the most important form for keyboard instruments and instrumental ensembles (Bird, Gibbons, Bull, Purcell). The North German organ school produced long "Chorale Fantaisies" that combined the contrapuntal tradition with the Protestant spirit (Tunder, Buxtehude). J.S. Bach used the same improvisational elements as the toccata, but later often followed it with a fugue. The development of fantasia as a free form of music, free from counterpoint and without the constraints of meter or bar lines, began with C.P.E. Bach. However, the form and content of the fantasia is very diverse, ranging from those that have some relation to the sonata (Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata, Schubert's Wanderer Fantasy) to works full of poetic sentiment (Schumann's Fantasia Pieces). Liszt in particular left behind many works that display flamboyant technique based on melodies from operas and other pieces (such as Grande Fantasia Brillante on Paganini's "The Bells"). [Toshiko Sekine] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
自由に楽想を展開した作品、もしくは幻想的な内容をもつ作品で、「ファンタジア」「ファンタジー」の訳語。ただし18世紀以前は、厳格な対位法による器楽曲の名称であった。「ファンタジア」ということばは16世紀の初めから弦楽器のリュートやビウエラの曲集に現れ、17世紀の鍵盤(けんばん)曲では、主題の拡大や縮小などの高度な対位法を駆使した楽曲形式となる(フレスコバルディ、スウェーリンク)。同じころイギリスでは、ファンタジーは鍵盤楽器や器楽合奏のためのもっとも重要な形式と考えられていた(バード、ギボンズ、ブル、パーセル)。北ドイツ・オルガン楽派からは、対位法の伝統とプロテスタント精神を結び付けた長大な「コラール幻想曲」が生まれた(トゥンダー、ブクステフーデ)。J・S・バッハは、トッカータと同じ即興的な要素を用いたが、後にフーガを続けることが多い。 対位法から完全に離れた、拍子や小節線にとらわれない自由な楽曲としてのファンタジアの発展は、C・P・E・バッハとともに始まる。しかしその形式や内容は、ソナタと多少の関係を残すもの(ベートーベンの『ムーンライト・ソナタ』、シューベルトの『さすらい人幻想曲』)から、詩的情趣に満ちた作品(シューマンの『幻想小曲集』)まで多種多様である。とくにリストは、オペラやその他の曲の旋律に基づいて華やかな技巧を示す作品(『パガニーニの「鐘」による華麗な大幻想曲』など)を数多く残している。 [関根敏子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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