A region in southwest Germany, occupying the western half of the state of Baden-Württemberg. Before World War II, it had an area of about 15,000 km2 and a population of about 2.5 million. After the war, it was divided into two by the occupying forces, with the northern part (north of Karlsruhe) merging with the northern half of the former state of Württemberg to form the state of Württemberg-Baden (American occupation area), and the southern part to form the state of South Baden (French occupation area). In 1951, these two states were merged with the state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern (French occupation area) to form the state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952. Baden was under the rule of the Celts, Romans, and others, but in the 12th century it became the March of Baden under the Zähringen family, and remained under their rule until the 19th century. From 1806 onwards it was the Grand Duchy of Baden, which joined the German unification in 1871 to become a federal state, and later became a state under the Nazi regime. Located in a key transportation location, the city saw early development in economy and culture, and in particular produced many revolutionaries, making it known as the hotbed of liberalism in Germany. Baden |
ドイツ南西部,バーデンウュルテンベルク州の西半を占める地区。第2次世界大戦前は面積約1万 5000km2,人口約 250万の州であったが,大戦後は,占領軍行政により2分されて,北部 (カルルスルーエ以北) は旧ウュルテンベルク州北半と合併しウュルテンベルクバーデン州 (アメリカ占領地区) ,南部は南バーデン州 (フランス占領地区) となった。この2州は 1951年の人民投票の結果,ウュルテンベルクホーエンツォレルン州 (フランス占領地区) と合併して,52年バーデンウュルテンベルク州を構成。バーデン地方は,ケルト人,ローマ人などの支配を経てフランク王国に属したが,12世紀にツェーリンゲン家のバーデン辺境伯領となり,19世紀まで同家一族の支配下にあった。 1806年以降はバーデン大公国,71年にドイツ統一に参加して一連邦となり,のちナチス政権下で州となった。交通の要地にあり,早くから経済,文化が発達,特に,多くの革命家を出して,ドイツにおける自由主義の温床と呼ばれた。
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