Hardy, Thomas

Japanese: ハーディ（英語表記）Hardy， Thomas

Born: June 2, 1840, Upper Bochampton, Dorsetshire
[Died] January 11, 1928. Dorchester, Dorsetshire. British novelist and poet. Born into a family of stonemasons, he went to London after finishing school in the countryside to become an architect, but eventually turned to literature. His first novel, Desperate Remedies (1871), was published anonymously, but with the publication of Under the Greenwood Tree (72) and Far from the Madding Crowd (74), his reputation as a Wessex novelist grew. His representative works include The Return of the Native (78), Tess of the D'Urbervilles (91), and Jude the Obscure (95). His other works include the short story collection Life's Little Ironies (94), Wessex Poems (98), and Late Lyrics and Earlier (1922). He was criticized by society at the time for his pessimistic view that the universe is controlled by an irrational "immanent will," and his insistence on depicting the truth about human beings, but he is recognized as one of the great novelists of the late 19th century. Even in his old age, his creative ability did not diminish, and he made a great impact on the literary world with his long epic drama The Dynasts (03-08), based on the Napoleonic Wars.

Hardy
Hardie, James Keir

Born: 15 August 1856, Legbrannock, Lanark
Died September 26, 1915. Leader of the British Labour Party in Glasgow. Worked in coal mines from the age of 10. He was involved in trade union activities from an early age, and founded the monthly newspaper The Miner in 1887, focusing on organizing workers. In the 1880s, as the mining industry was in a recession, he gradually leaned towards socialism, and in 1888 he left the Liberal Party to found the Scottish Labour Party. He entered the House of Commons in the 1892 general election, founded the Independent Labour Party in 1993, and became its leader. He lost the 1995 general election, but for the next five years he worked to edit the Labour Leader, the successor to The Miner, and to establish the Labour Representation Committee. He returned to the House of Commons in the 1900 general election, and became leader of the Labour Party in 1906. As the First World War loomed, he advocated a general strike to prevent war, but the majority of Labour Party members voted in support of war, and he died in despair.

Hardy
Hardee, William Joseph

Born October 12, 1815, near Savannah, Georgia
[Died] November 6, 1873, Wytheville, Virginia. American soldier. Graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1838, and served as the commander of cadets at the academy from 1856 to 1860. During the American Civil War, he served as a commander of the Confederate Army. In 1861, he became a major general in the Confederate Army. His main work, Rifle and Light Infantry Tactics (1855), was called "Hardy's Tactics" and was used by both the Union and North Korean armies as an infantry training manual. After the war, he ran a plantation in Alabama.

Hardy
Hardy, Thomas

[Born] 1752
[Died] 1832
A radical British politician. In 1792, he founded the London Corresponding Society, said to be the first political organization of workers in Britain, to promote the movement for parliamentary reform. He was charged with high treason along with J. Thelwall and H. Tooke, but was defended by T. Erskine and acquitted (1794). However, the parliamentary reform movement failed.

Hardy
Hardy, Oliver

Born January 18, 1892 in Atlanta
[Died] August 7, 1957. Hollywood American comedic film actor. He was popular for his slapstick comedy with S. Laurel. In Japan, many of his films were released as the "Gokuraku Series." He played the role of a fat, big, grumpy man.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1840.6.2. ドーセットシャー，アッパーボッカンプトン
[没]1928.1.11. ドーセットシャー，ドーチェスター
イギリスの小説家，詩人。石工の家に生れ，土地の学校を終えてから建築家を志してロンドンに出たが，やがて文学に転じた。処女作『非常手段』 Desperate Remedies (1871) は匿名で出版されたが，『緑の木陰』 Under the Greenwood Tree (72) ，『遙か狂乱の群をはなれて』 Far from the Madding Crowd (74) が発表されるに及んで「ウェセックス (ドーセットシャー地方の古名) もの」の名が高まった。代表作は『帰郷』 The Return of the Native (78) ，『ダーバービル家のテス』 Tess of the D'Urbervilles (91) ，『日陰者ジュード』 Jude the Obscure (95) 。ほかに短編集『人生の小さな皮肉』 Life's Little Ironies (94) ，『ウェセックス詩集』 Wessex Poems (98) ，『新旧抒情詩集』 Late Lyrics and Earlier (1922) などがある。宇宙は理性を欠いた「内在意志」 Immanent Willによって支配されているという悲観論に立ち，あくまでも人間の真実を描き出そうとしたため，当時の社会から非難を受けたが，19世紀末の偉大な小説家と認められる。老いても創作力は衰えず，ナポレオン戦争を題材にした長編叙事詩劇『覇王』 The Dynasts (03～08) によって文壇に大きな刺激を与えた。

ハーディ
Hardie， James Keir

[生]1856.8.15. ラナーク，レッグブラノック
[没]1915.9.26. グラスゴー
イギリス労働党の指導者。 10歳のときから炭坑で働いた。早くから労働組合活動に従事，1887年月刊紙『マイナー』 The Minerを創刊し，労働者の組織化に力を注いだ。 1880年代の炭坑不況のなかで次第に社会主義に傾き，88年自由党から離れてスコットランド労働党を創立。 92年の総選挙で下院に進出，93年独立労働党を創立，党首となった。 95年の総選挙で落選，以後5年間は『マイナー』の後身である『レイバーリーダー』紙の編集と労働代表委員会の設立に努力した。 1900年の総選挙で下院に復帰，06年労働党党首となった。第1次世界大戦の危機が迫ると，ゼネストによる戦争阻止を提唱したが，労働党員の多数が戦争支持の決議にまわったため，失意のうちに世を去った。

ハーディ
Hardee， William Joseph

[生]1815.10.12. ジョージア，サバンナ付近
[没]1873.11.6. バージニア，ワイスビル
アメリカの軍人。 1838年に陸軍士官学校を卒業し，56～60年士官学校の士官候補生指揮官。南北戦争の際は南軍の司令官として活躍。 61年南部連合軍少将。主著『ライフル銃と軽装歩兵戦術』 Rifle and Light Infantry Tactics (1855) は「ハーディ戦術」と呼ばれ歩兵操典として南北両軍で用いられた。戦後はアラバマ州でプランテーションを経営。

ハーディ
Hardy， Thomas

[生]1752
[没]1832
イギリスの急進的政治家。 1792年議会改革運動を推進するために，イギリス最初の労働者の政治組織といわれる「ロンドン通信協会」を創立。 J.セルウォール，H.トゥックらとともに大反逆罪に問われたが，T.アースキンによって弁護され無罪となった (1794) 。しかし，議会改革は挫折した。