Gaston Baty

French director. Born into an old Catholic family near Lyon. After graduating from the University of Lyon, he studied art history at the University of Munich, where he was inspired by the directing methods of Reinhardt and Meyerhold, as well as the theatrical theories of Craig and Appia. In 1919 he became assistant director to Gemier, and the following year directed a dramatization of folklore, "The Grand Pastoral," at the Circus Theatre in Paris. In 1922 he became independent and founded the theater company "Friends of the Fantasie." He achieved great success with his friend Simon Gantillon's "Maya the Prostitute," and in 1930 he moved his base to the Théâtre Montparnasse. In later years, the theater was called the Théâtre Montparnasse Gaston-Bati. He placed importance on lighting and other aspects of the stage design, and formed the "Le Cartel des Quatre" (The League of Four) with Louis Jouvet and others, playing an important role in the new theater movement.

[Hideji Ishizawa]

"The Essence of Theatre" by Gaston Baty, translated by Takeo Saka (1942, Hakusuisha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

フランスの演出家。リヨン近郊のカトリック信仰に厚い旧家に生まれる。リヨン大学卒業後、ミュンヘン大学に留学して芸術史を学び、ラインハルト、メイエルホリドなどの演出法や、クレイグ、アッピアの演劇理論に共感。1919年ジェミエの演出助手となり、翌年パリのサーカス劇場で民間伝承の劇化『大田園劇』を演出、22年独立して劇団「幻想の仲間」を創設。友人シモン・ガンティヨンの『娼婦(しょうふ)マヤ』で大成功を博し、30年モンパルナス座に本拠を移す。後年同劇場はモンパルナス・ガストン・バティ座といわれた。照明など舞台造形面を重視し、ルイ・ジューベらと「4人連盟(ル・カルテル・デ・カトル)」を組み、新演劇活動の一翼を担った。

［石澤秀二］

『ガストン・バティ著、坂丈緒訳『演劇の真髄』（1942・白水社）』

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