Hattori Yukimasa - Hattori seems to be

Historian. Born in Shimane Prefecture on September 24, 1901. Graduated from the Faculty of Letters of Tokyo Imperial University in 1925 (Taisho 14). He wrote "Lectures on Marxism" in 1927 (Showa 2) and "Lectures on the History of the Development of Japanese Capitalism" in 1932, which opened new horizons in Marxist history. He is particularly known as the proponent of the "Late Tokugawa Period Theory." In the 1850s and 1860s, Asian countries faced the Western Impact, India became a British colony, and China became a semi-colony of the Western powers. Yet Japan alone was able to achieve national independence with the Meiji Restoration. The "Late Tokugawa Period Theory" provided an answer to this question. Hattori stipulated that the development stage of the Japanese economy before the opening of its ports at the end of the Tokugawa period was more advanced than that of India and China, which corresponds to what Marx called "the manufacturing period in the strict sense." This view was the first to point out the domestic conditions that made Japan's national independence possible, and brought about a Copernican revolution in research on the Meiji Restoration. From 1933 to 1934, Hattori engaged in a debate on manufacture with Takao Tsuchiya, which attracted much attention in the intellectual circles of the time. After the Second World War, when the taboo on the Emperor System was lifted, Hattori concentrated all his energy on the theory of absolutism and the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, and attempted to synthesize the political history of modern Japan. Although he belonged to the same "Kazouha" group, unlike the mainstream Yamada Moritaro and Hirano Yoshitaro, Hattori took a position that emphasized internal development within the country, and published a series of new views, such as bourgeois revolution from above and bourgeois revolution from below, leadership and alliance in political history, and the transformation of the absolutist Emperor System into a modern Emperor System. He also displayed exceptional talent as a historical commentator, leaving behind such masterpieces as "Before and After the Black Ships," "Shinran Notes," and "The Origins of Modern Japan," and his works "Meiji Politicians: People Followed by Hara Takashi" (volumes 1 and 2) won the Mainichi Publishing Culture Award. He was also an enthusiastic cultural activist, and in 1971 he founded Kamakura University (President: Saigusa Hiroto, later renamed Kamakura Academia), where he became a professor and developed close friendships with writer Yoshikawa Eiji and others. He died on March 4, 1956.

[Masanori Nakamura]

"Hattori's Complete Works" 24 volumes in total (1973-76, Fukumura Publishing)" "Hattori's Complete Works" New Edition, 7 volumes in total (1967, Rironsha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

歴史学者。明治34年9月24日島根県に生まれる。1925年（大正14）東京帝国大学文学部卒業。27年（昭和2）の『マルクス主義講座』、32年の『日本資本主義発達史講座』に執筆、マルクス主義歴史学に新生面を開いた。とくに「幕末厳マニュ時代説」の提唱者として有名。1850～60年代、アジア諸国はウェスタン・インパクトに直面し、インドはイギリスの植民地となり、中国は欧米諸列強の半植民地となったにもかかわらず、ひとり日本だけはなぜ明治維新で民族的独立を達成することができたのか、これに解答を与えたのが「幕末厳マニュ時代説」であり、服部は、幕末開港前の日本経済の発達段階はインド、中国よりも進んでおり、それはマルクスのいう「厳密な意味でのマニュファクチュア時代」に相当すると規定したのである。この見解は、日本の民族的独立を可能にした国内的条件を初めて指摘したものであり、明治維新研究にコペルニクス的転回をもたらした。以後、1933～34年にかけて土屋喬雄(たかお)との間でマニュファクチュア論争が繰り広げられ、当時の論壇の注目を浴びた。第二次世界大戦後、天皇制のタブーが解かれると、服部は、絶対主義論と自由民権運動論に全精力を集中し、日本近代史の政治史的総合を図っていった。服部は同じ「講座派」に属しながらも、主流の山田盛太郎(もりたろう)・平野義太郎(よしたろう)と違って、国内の内発的発展を強調する立場にたち、上からのブルジョア革命と下からのブルジョア革命、政治史における指導と同盟、絶対主義天皇制の近代天皇制への性質転換など新しい見解を次々と発表していった。また史論家としても抜群の才能を発揮し、『黒船前後』『親鸞(しんらん)ノート』『近代日本のなりたち』などの名著を残し、『明治の政治家たち――原敬につらなる人々』上下巻は毎日出版文化賞を得た。文化運動にも熱心で、46年には鎌倉大学校（学長三枝博音(さいぐさひろと)、のち鎌倉アカデミアと改称）を創立し、教授となり、作家吉川英治らとも親交を深めた。昭和31年3月4日死去。

［中村政則］

『『服部之総全集』全24巻（1973～76・福村出版）』▽『『服部之総著作集』新装版・全七巻（1967・理論社）』

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