Koenbu

A Chinese thinker and scholar in the early Qing Dynasty. His childhood name was Jiang. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he changed his name to Yanwu, his pen name Ningren, and his pen name Tinglin. He was from Kunshan County, Jiangsu Province. Born into a distinguished family, he participated in the resistance movement when the Qing army advanced south. He experienced the downfall of his family, imprisonment for his involvement in a literary scandal, refusing an invitation from the imperial court at the risk of dying, and spending his life as a travelling lodge without a fixed residence. He wrote academic works during his travels and at his travelling lodge, leaving behind masterpieces such as "Records of the Day," "Five Books of Music," and "Book of the Benefits of Diseases in the Land of the Countries," and is counted among the three great thinkers of the early Qing Dynasty along with Huang Zongxi and Wang Fuzhi. He criticized the old idealistic Neo-Confucianism and Shingaku, and established a positive method of studying scriptures that values ​​contemporary materials, and is said to be the founder of textual research. Enbu's scholarship was based on a deep sense of crisis about the fall of the Ming Dynasty and maintained an attitude of studying only those things that were useful to politics and society, and his words, "Even lowly commoners have a responsibility to maintain the world," were also loved by the Reformist movement in the late Qing Dynasty.

[Koji Sano March 18, 2016]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)代初期の思想家、学者。幼名は絳(こう)。明(みん)朝滅亡後改名し、名を炎武、字(あざな)を寧人(ねいじん)、号を亭林とした。江蘇(こうそ)省崑山(こんざん)県の人。名家に生まれ、清軍南下に際して抵抗運動を行う。その後も家の没落、筆禍事件に連座して投獄などを体験、朝廷の招聘(しょうへい)を死を覚悟で拒絶、住居を定めず一生を旅寓(りょぐう)に終えるなど数奇な運命をたどった。旅途や旅寓で学問著述をして、『日知録(にっちろく)』『音学五書』『天下郡国利病(りへい)書』などの名著を残し、黄宗羲(こうそうぎ)、王夫之(ふうし)とともに清初の三大思想家に数えられる。旧来の観念論的な性理学や心学を批判し、同時代の資料を重んずる実証的な経書研究法を樹立し、考証学の開祖ともいわれる。炎武の学問は、明朝滅亡の危機意識を内に秘めて政治社会に有用なものだけを研究するという態度を堅持するものであり、「天下を保つのは、賤(いや)しい匹夫にも責任がある」とのことばは、清末の変法派にも愛唱された。

［佐野公治　2016年3月18日］

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