Andreas Vesalius

Japanese: ベサリウス - べさりうす(英語表記)Andreas Vesalius
Andreas Vesalius

Belgian anatomist and surgeon. Born in Brussels as the son of a physician, he was educated in Latin and Greek in nearby Louvain. In 1533, he went to the University of Paris to study medicine under Jacobus Sylvius (1478-1555) and Johannes Günther of Andernach (1505-1574). He was especially devoted to Günther, with whom he shared a lifelong bond of mentor and student affection. At the time, the University of Paris was one of the few universities that allowed human dissections, but the actual dissections were left to low-ranking barbers, and the professors did not perform surgery themselves, instead merely lecturing on the classics of Galen and others.

Vesalius, who had been keen on dissecting animals and exploring their internal structure since childhood, returned to his hometown in 1536, where he had the rare opportunity to dissect human bodies and studied illegally obtained human remains, gradually becoming proficient in anatomy. In 1537, he studied at the University of Padua in Italy, the highest medical institution at the time, and received his medical degree in December of the same year. At the young age of 23, he was appointed professor of anatomy and surgery. He immediately changed the traditional dissection method that was left to barbers, and began to perform anatomical operations himself, a groundbreaking method of anatomy. As early as 1538, he published Six Anatomical Figures. In Padua, he energetically studied the anatomy of the human body and animals, and in 1543 published Seven Books on the Structure of the Human Body (Fabrica) and its summary, Epitome. Fabrica shocked the medical world as a groundbreaking anatomical book, but it also served as a signal for the scientific revolution, along with Copernicus' work On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres, which was published in the same year. After the publication of Fabrica, he performed public dissections in Bologna, Pisa, and other cities, receiving rave reviews, and from 1544 he left the study of anatomy to become the personal physician of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, and then the official physician of his son, King Philip II of Spain. He died unexpectedly in 1564 on a journey to the Holy Land, Jerusalem.

[Keiichi Sawano]

[References] | Galen | Fabrica

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ベルギーの解剖学者、外科医。ブリュッセルに医師の子として生まれ、近郊のルーバンでラテン語とギリシア語の教育を受けた。1533年パリ大学に行ってシルビウスJacobus Sylvius(1478―1555)に、またアンデルナハのギュンテルJohannes Günther(1505―1574)らに医学を学んで、とくにギュンテルには深く傾倒して、終生変わらない師弟愛で結ばれた。当時のパリ大学は、人体解剖が許可されている数少ない大学の一つではあったが、実際の解剖は身分の低い理髪医師任せで、教授は自らは執刀せずに傍らでガレノスらの古典の講釈に終始するという実態であった。

 子供のころから自ら動物を解剖して内部構造を探求することに熱心だったベサリウスは、1536年郷里に帰り、貴重な人体解剖の機会を得、また非合法に入手した遺骨を研究するなどしてしだいに解剖学に熟達した。1537年、当時の医学の最高学府イタリアのパドバ大学に留学したが、その年の12月には早くも医学の学位を得た。そして23歳の若さで、解剖学と外科の教授に任用された。彼はただちに伝統的な理髪医師任せの解剖を改め、教授自らが執刀する画期的な解剖示説を開始した。1538年には早くも『解剖学六図』を出版している。パドバでは精力的に人体と動物の解剖学的研究を行い、1543年『人体の構造に関する七つの本』(『ファブリカ』)とその要約本である『梗概(こうがい)』(『エピトーメ』)を出版した。『ファブリカ』は画期的な解剖学書として医学界に衝撃を与えたが、それにとどまらず、くしくも同年に刊行されたコペルニクスの著作『天球の回転について』と並んで、科学革命ののろしとしての役割も果たすことになる。『ファブリカ』刊行後、ボローニャ、ピサなどで公開解剖を行って絶賛を博し、1544年からは神聖ローマ皇帝カール5世の侍医、ついでその子のスペイン王フェリペ2世の官医となって解剖学の研究から離れた。1564年、聖地エルサレムへの旅の途上で不慮の死を遂げた。

[澤野啓一]

[参照項目] | ガレノス | ファブリカ

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