A marine fish belonging to the order Osteichthyes and the family Omniidae. It is widely distributed in temperate to tropical regions of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, including the coastal areas of the Pacific and Sea of Japan from Hokkaido to southern Kyushu, the Ryukyu Islands and the East China Sea. It is also called Mandai in Tokyo and Kochi Prefecture, Mantai in Okinawa Prefecture and Hyakumandai in Wakayama Prefecture. The Japanese name and body shape of the Akamata resemble those of the Mola, but the Mola belongs to a completely different taxonomic group in the family Mola, order Tetraodontiformes. The body is high and nearly circular, with strong laterality. The dorsal edge of the head is flat and does not rise strongly into an arch shape. The tips of both the upper and lower jaws are sharp. The mouth can be significantly protruded, and except for small individuals, there are no teeth. The scales are extremely small and round, and are easily peeled off. The lateral line curves significantly backward above the pectoral fin. The front of the dorsal fin and the pelvic fins are long and sickle-shaped. The rear of the dorsal fin and the base of both the anal fins are long and extend to the caudal peduncle, and their height is remarkably low. The caudal fin is crescent-shaped. The pectoral fins are long and are attached horizontally to the top of the body. The dorsal side of the body is a reddish-purple color that is a mixture of pink, red, blue, and purple, and the ventral side is red. The mouth and each fin are bright red. There are many silvery-white circular spots on the head and sides of the body, and even the largest ones are clearly smaller than the pupil of the eye. It swims from the surface of the open ocean to a depth of nearly 500 meters, slowly moving its horizontal pectoral fins like a bird's wings. It actively eats mainly fish and squids, but also jellyfish. It reaches a total length of 2 meters and weighs about 270 kilograms. It is caught together with tuna on tuna longlines. This species is able to maintain body temperature by circulating warm blood throughout its body, which allows it to dive deep into the ocean. Its meat is light red and can be eaten raw, stewed, grilled, or smoked. It is fatty but delicious. The muscles that move its pectoral fins are particularly deep red, and it is said to taste and feel similar to beef steak. According to a 2018 study including DNA, the world's sunfish family is classified into five species, three of which are new species. The species found in Japan are widely distributed in the tropical regions of the world and are included in these new species. The sunfish is similar to L. incognitus , which is found in the central and eastern North Pacific, but the sunfish differs from L. incognitus in that the horizontal diameter of the pupil is longer, more than 30% of the head length, the dorsal fin is higher, 26.3% of the fork length (average), and the pelvic fin is longer, 33.6% of the fork length (average). L. guttatus , which was previously used to refer to the Japanese species, was used to refer to a species that is distributed exclusively in the North Atlantic. [Masao Katayama and Kunio Amano, June 23, 2020] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
硬骨魚綱アカマンボウ目アカマンボウ科に属する海水魚。北海道から九州南部までの太平洋と日本海の沿岸域、南西諸島、東シナ海など、太平洋、インド洋、大西洋の全世界の温帯から熱帯に広く分布する。東京都、高知県などではマンダイ、沖縄県ではマンタイ、和歌山県ではヒャクマンダイともよばれる。アカマンボウは和名や体形がマンボウに似るが、マンボウはフグ目マンボウ科のまったく異なった分類群に属している。体は高くて円形に近く、強く側扁(そくへん)する。頭の背縁は平坦(へいたん)で、弓形に強く盛り上がらない。上下両顎(りょうがく)の先端はとがる。口は著しく突出させることができ、歯は小さい個体を除いてない。鱗(うろこ)は著しく小さい円鱗(えんりん)ではがれやすい。側線は胸びれの上方で背方に大きく湾曲する。背びれの前部と腹びれは鎌(かま)状に長く伸びる。背びれの後部と臀(しり)びれの両基底は長く、尾柄(びへい)まで伸び、それらの高さは著しく低い。尾びれは三日月形。胸びれは長く、体の上部に水平につく。体の背側は桃色、赤色、青色、紫色の混ざった赤紫色で腹側は赤い。口と各ひれは鮮やかな赤色。頭部や体側には多数の銀白色円斑(えんはん)があり、最大のものでも瞳孔(どうこう)より明らかに小さい。外洋の表層から水深500メートル近くを水平についた胸びれを鳥の翼のようにゆっくり動かしながら遊泳する。おもに魚類、イカ類を活発に食べるが、クラゲ類なども食べている。全長2メートル、体重約270キログラムに達する。マグロ延縄(はえなわ)でマグロ類といっしょに漁獲される。この種は暖かい血液を全身に循環させることで体温を保持することができ、これにより深海に潜ることを可能にしている。肉は薄赤色で、刺身、煮つけ、焼き物、薫製などにして食べられる。脂肪分が強いが、おいしい。とくに胸びれを動かす筋肉は赤色が濃く、味と歯ごたえはビーフステーキに似ているといわれている。 DNAを含めた2018年の研究によると世界のアカマンボウ科魚類は5種に分類され、そのうちの3種を新種にしている。日本に分布する種は世界の温熱帯域に広く分布し、これらの新種のなかに含まれている。アカマンボウは中部と東部北太平洋に分布するL. incognitusに似るが、アカマンボウは瞳孔の水平径が長く、頭長の30%以上であること、背びれが高くて、尾叉長(びさちょう)の26.3%(平均値)であること、腹びれが長くて、尾叉長の33.6%(平均値)であることなどでL. incognitusと異なる。従来、日本の種に使われていたL. guttatusは北大西洋に限定して分布する種にあてられた。 [片山正夫・尼岡邦夫 2020年6月23日] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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