Fabric woven from the fibers of the Itobashō (Ryūkyū basho). The fibers of the basho are boiled in lye, then sandwiched between split bamboo to extract the fibers, which are then torn into fine fibers and spun. It is dyed brown with tekachi (wheel plum) and navy blue with doroai. Patterns include stripes, lattices and kasuri, and banshogane (a carpenter's scale pattern) is also commonly used. It is woven on a takahata loom, but isaribata looms were also used. It is a specialty of Okinawa and Amami Oshima. Due to the high temperatures and humidity in this region, the rough, breathable bashofu is popular and has been worn since ancient times. During the Ryukyu Kingdom period, Bashofu production expanded as it was subject to taxation along with tsumugi and hanaori, but farmers were forced to work hard. Although production has decreased today, it is still produced mainly in Kijoka on the main island of Okinawa, and on Taketomi Island, and is used for summer kimono fabric and zabuton fabric. In 1976 (Showa 51), the Kijoka Bashofu Preservation Society, and in 2000 (Heisei 12), Toshiko Taira, also from Kijoka, were both recognized as holders of the country's Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure). [Kadoyama Yukihiro] [References] | | | | | |Nationally designated important intangible cultural property Kijoka, Ogimi Village, Kunigami District, Okinawa Prefecture ©Okinawa Tourism and Convention Bureau "> Bashofu Nationally designated important intangible cultural property, Kijoka, Ogimi Village, Kunigami District, Okinawa Prefecture ©Shogakukan "> Bashofu (woven pattern) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イトバショウ(リュウキュウバショウ)の繊維で織った布地。バショウの繊維を灰汁(あく)で煮たのち割竹の間に挟んで繊維だけを取り出し、さらに裂いて細い繊維としてから績(う)む。染色は、テカチ(テーチキ、車輪梅(しゃりんばい))で褐色に、泥藍(どろあい)で紺色に染める。柄(がら)は縞(しま)、格子のほか絣(かすり)があり、番匠金(ばんしょうがね)(大工のかね尺の模様)もよく使われる。製織は高機(たかはた)を使うが、居座機(いざりばた)も使用されていた。沖縄、奄美(あまみ)大島の特産。同地方は高温多湿であるため、粗く通風性のある芭蕉布が好まれ、古くから着用されてきた。とくに琉球(りゅうきゅう)王国時代には、紬(つむぎ)、花織などとともに課税の対象となったことから、生産は拡大されたが、一方、農民は過酷な労働を強いられた。現在では生産量は少なくなったが、沖縄本島喜如嘉(きじょか)を中心に、竹富(たけとみ)島に産出し、夏の着尺地、座布団地などに使われる。1976年(昭和51)に喜如嘉の芭蕉布保存会が、2000年(平成12)に同じく喜如嘉の平良敏子が国の重要無形文化財保持者(人間国宝)に認定された。 [角山幸洋] [参照項目] | | | | | |国指定重要無形文化財 沖縄県国頭郡大宜味村喜如嘉©沖縄観光コンベンションビューロー"> 芭蕉布 国指定重要無形文化財 沖縄県国頭郡大宜味村喜如嘉©Shogakukan"> 芭蕉布(織紋) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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