Unification of Laws

Japanese: 法の統一 - ほうのとういつ

There is the unification of domestic law and the unification of international law. Domestic legal unification has been almost completed in modern nations, and local legal divisions have been overcome. International legal unification is the unification of laws between sovereign nations, and since there is no higher authority that enforces a unified system, it is usually achieved through international treaties and domestic legislative measures based on them. Some of the areas in which it has been partially achieved include (1) international private law, (2) international commercial law, (3) intellectual property law, (4) transportation law, and (5) labor law (many ILO treaties). However, unification through treaties and domestic measures is accompanied by various conflicts and obstacles, so methods such as creating model laws and leaving it up to each country to decide whether to adopt them or not, or the Council issuing a directive to assimilate the laws of member countries, binding member countries only on that purpose, and leaving the means of achieving it up to each country's discretion, are used.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

国内的法の統一と国際的法の統一がある。国内的な法統一は，近代国家ではほぼ完成され，地方的法分裂は克服された。国際的法統一は，主権国家間の法の統一であるから，統一制を強制する上位機関はないので，普通は国際条約とそれに基づく国内的立法措置によって行われる。それが部分的に実現している分野をあげれば，(1) 国際私法，(2) 国際商取引法，(3) 無体財産権法，(4) 運送法，(5) 労働法 (多数の ILO条約) などがある。しかし条約と国内的措置による統一には，種々の衝突，障害を伴うので，モデル法を作り，採否は各国の任意にゆだねるとか，理事会が加盟国法規の同化への指令を発し，その目的についてだけ加盟国を拘束し，その実現手段は各国の任意とするなどの方法がとられている。

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