Shinkichi Hashimoto

Japanese linguist. Born in Tsuruga, Fukui Prefecture. He was from a family of physicians, but lost his father at the age of five. After graduating from the Third High School, he graduated from the Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Letters, Tokyo Imperial University in 1906 (Meiji 39) and became an assistant member of the National Language Research Committee. In 1909, he was appointed as an assistant at the Faculty of Letters, Tokyo Imperial University, and became an associate professor in 1927 (Showa 2), and a professor two years later. In 1934, he was awarded a Doctor of Literature for his work on "Terminology in the Amakusa Version of Christian Doctrine in the First Year of Bunroku." He retired in 1943, and the following year, in 1944, he became the first president of the Japanese Language Association. His research covered most areas of Japanese linguistics. His graduation thesis was on the topic of linking words, and he began his career as an academic with grammar research. His grammar theory became known as Hashimoto Grammar through his work Shinbunten Shonenkyuyo (1931), a secondary school grammar textbook. The grammatical unit of phrases, defined in terms of both meaning and phonetic form, is easy to understand, and the well-organized grammatical system was welcomed by the educational world. However, due to the constraints of being a textbook, it is not the same as Hashimoto's own theory. His grammatical theory is presented in Kokugoho Yosetsu (1934) and other works. He also made many contributions to the historical study of the Japanese language, particularly in the field of phonological history. His research into the so-called special kana usage of the ancient period led to a dramatic advancement not only in the study of phonology in the Nara period, but also in the study of grammar and word meaning. Furthermore, he clarified the phonological system around 1600 by using the romanized Japanese notation in Christian materials, and, based on the results of his research into Shitta and rhyming, he devoted himself to describing the phonological history of the Japanese language (Kokugo Onin no Kenkyu (Research on National Language Onin), Kokugo Onin no Shi (History of National Language Onin), and Jodaigo no Kenkyu (Research on Ancient Language). As can be seen in "Collected edition of Manyoshu" (co-editor) and "Research on Kohon Setsuyoshu" (co-author), his discourse, which is based on strict textual criticism and is made public through careful and thorough research, is extremely sophisticated. Almost all of his books, papers, and lecture plans are collected in his collected works.

[Takuya Okimori October 19, 2018]

"The Collected Works of Dr. Shinkichi Hashimoto, 12 volumes (1948-1983, Iwanami Shoten)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

国語学者。福井県敦賀(つるが)市に生まれる。代々の医家であったが、5歳にして父を失った。第三高等学校を経て、1906年（明治39）東京帝国大学文科大学言語学科を卒業、国語調査委員会補助委員となる。1909年東京帝国大学文科大学助手に任ぜられ、1927年（昭和2）助教授、2年後教授となる。1934年「文禄(ぶんろく)元年天草版吉利支丹(キリシタン)教義の用語について」によって文学博士の学位を授与された。1943年定年退官、翌1944年国語学会発足と同時に初代会長となる。その研究は国語学のほとんどの領域に及ぶ。卒業論文では係り結びをテーマにし、文法研究をもって学者としての道を歩み出した。その文法理論は、中等学校の文法教科書として著された『新文典初年級用』（1931）によって世に橋本文法として知られる。意味と音声形式の両面から規定された文節という文法上の単位は、理解が容易であり、その整然たる文法体系は教育界に歓迎された。ただ、教科書という制約上、橋本自身の学説と同一ではない。その文法学説は『国語法要説』（1934）などに示されている。また、日本語の歴史的研究にも多くの業績を残したが、なかでも音韻史が著しい。いわゆる上代特殊仮名遣いの研究は、奈良時代の音韻だけでなく、文法、語義などの研究をも飛躍的に進歩させた。さらに、キリシタン資料における日本語ローマ字表記によって、1600年ごろの音韻体系を明らかにし、悉曇(しったん)、韻学の研究成果を踏まえて、日本語の音韻史を記述することに力を注いだ（『国語音韻の研究』『国語音韻史』『上代語の研究』など）。『校本万葉集』（共編）、『古本節用集の研究』（共著）にその一端がうかがわれるように、厳密な文献批判に基づき、慎重かつ徹底した研究態度によって公にされた論述は精緻(せいち)を極める。著書、論文、講義案はほぼ著作集に収められている。

［沖森卓也　2018年10月19日］

『『橋本進吉博士著作集』全12冊（1948～1983・岩波書店）』

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