Hauta

Japanese: 端唄∥端歌 - はうた

A type of Japanese music. Unlike theater music (such as Gidayu-bushi, Kiyomoto, and Nagauta) and the music of the entertainment world (such as Katou-bushi and Itchu-bushi), this is short-phrase shamisen music supported by ordinary people. The first song to become a huge hit was Itakobushi, which was sung all over the country for half a century starting in the 1780s (around Tenmei). This was followed by songs such as Yozakura (Cherry Blossoms in the Night), Horete Tsuu (Love and Passion), and Washiga Kuni Sa (My Country is Loved), which became beloved as popular songs. In 1842 (Tenpo 13), these songs were banned due to the Tenpo Reforms, but as the policy relaxed, new songs were produced one after another, and from the 1840s (the end of the Tenpo period to the beginning of the Kaei period), the name "Hanauta" was given to songs of the common people, including popular songs.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

日本音楽の種目。劇場音楽(義太夫節，清元，長唄など)や花柳界の音楽(河東節（かとうぶし），一中節（いつちゆうぶし）など)とは違って，一般の庶民が支えた短詞型の三味線音楽。大流行した最初の歌は《潮来節（いたこぶし）》で，1780年代(天明ころ)から半世紀にわたって各地で歌われた。次いで《夜桜》《ほれて通う》《わしが国さ》などが生まれ，はやり歌としても愛唱される。1842年(天保13)天保の改革によってこうした歌は禁じられたが，政策が緩むにつれて新曲が続出し，1840年代(天保末～嘉永初め)から流行歌（はやりうた）を含めた庶民の歌に，〈端唄〉という名称が冠せられる。

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