You can get a much higher yield by making nets and fishing boats and then catching the fish than by catching the fish by hand. In this way, rather than producing consumer goods from the beginning, you can take the detour of making the tools, machines, factory equipment, and other means of production to make those consumer goods, and then produce those consumer goods. Even though it may seem like you spend more time and effort, you will end up getting a larger output. This type of production method is called detour production. The increase in product through roundabout production, that is, the profit from roundabout production, explains one of the reasons for the existence of interest. Suppose you do not currently have the means of production (capital) and you can obtain a product of 100 through labor alone. If you save (accumulate) 20 from that amount to obtain capital, resulting in an increase in product of 10, then 10 is the profit from roundabout production, and the source of interest can be found there. Thus, when the capital profit rate and the interest rate are equal, the degree of roundabout production is determined. This was the theory of production structure proposed by the Austrian school of Bohm-Bawerk and Hayek, but it is being reconsidered recently amidst the monetarist criticism of Keynes's theory of monetary interest. [Tetsuya Hitosugi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
手で魚をとるよりも、網や漁船をまずつくってから魚をとるほうがはるかに収穫があがる。このように、初めから消費財を生産せず、それをつくるための道具、機械、工場設備などの生産手段をつくる迂回をしてから消費財を生産したほうが、一見よけいな手間と時間を費やすようにみえても、結局生産物が多く得られる。このような生産方法を迂回生産という。 迂回生産による生産物の増分すなわち迂回生産の利益は、利子の存在理由の一つを説明する。いま生産手段(資本)がなくて労働だけで100の生産物を得ていたとする。そこから20を貯蓄(蓄積)して資本を得ると、10の生産物増加になるとすれば、10が迂回生産の利益であり、利子の源泉がそこにみいだせる。かくて、資本の利潤率と利子率とが等しいとき、迂回生産の度合いが決まる。これがベーム・バベルクやハイエクのオーストリア学派による生産構造論であったが、最近、ケインズの貨幣的利子論に対するマネタリズムの批判のなかで、見直されつつある。 [一杉哲也] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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