A unique phenomenon that occurs when a metallic material is plastically deformed. It was first reported by J. Bauschinger in 1886. The load required to stretch a metallic material once and then compress it is smaller than the load required to continue stretching, and in some cases, the load required to make the material yield for the first time under compression. This phenomenon also occurs when the material is compressed in the first plastic deformation and then stretched, or when it is twisted in one direction and then twisted in the opposite direction. The reason for this is that when plastic deformation is applied, a distribution of residual stresses develops within the material due to non-uniform deformation at the microscopic level, and this distribution acts to partially assist deformation when a load is applied in the opposite direction, hastening the onset of yielding in that area. (→Residual stress, Work hardening) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
金属材料を塑性変形させたときに生じる特異な現象。 J.バウシンガーが 1886年に初めて報告した。金属材料を1度延伸してから圧縮するときに必要な荷重は,延伸し続けるのに必要な荷重や,場合によっては初めて圧縮降伏させるのに必要な荷重より小さいという現象。これは,最初の塑性変形で圧縮し,それを延伸に切替えたとき,また,一方向にねじりを与えたあとに逆方向にねじったときにも同様に現れる。原因は,塑性変形を与えたとき,材料中にミクロなレベルでの不均一な変形によって成長する残留応力の分布が生じ,逆方向への負荷の際に部分的に変形を助けるように作用し,その部分での降伏の開始を早めることによる。 (→残留応力 , 加工硬化 )
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