A number indicating how many times the mass of a substance is compared to the mass of a standard substance with the same volume. Strictly speaking, mass is determined by measuring the inertia under a certain force, but it is usually determined by the ratio of weights at the same place, hence the name specific gravity. Usually, for liquids and solids, 1 cubic centimeter of water at 4°C is considered to be 1 gram, and this is used as the standard. In reality, the density of water at 4°C is 0.999973g/ cm3 , so 0.999973 times the specific gravity is equal to the density expressed in CGS units, but for practical purposes this difference can be ignored. For gases, air at 0°C and 1 atmosphere is often used as the standard. [Ryo Ikeuchi] [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
各物質の質量が、それと同じ体積をもつ標準の物質の質量の何倍であるかを示した数値。厳密には、質量はある一定の力の下での慣性を測ることによって決められるが、普通は、同じ場所での重さの比で決められているので、比重と名づけられている。通常、液体や固体は、4℃の水1立方センチメートルが1グラムであるとして、これを標準とする。実際には、4℃の水の密度は0.999973g/cm3であるので、比重の0.999973倍がCGS単位で表した密度に等しいが、実用上その差は無視して差し支えない。気体の場合は、0℃、1気圧下での空気を標準にとることが多い。 [池内 了] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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