The guiding principle of the Chinese Communist Party's mass struggle, confirmed under the New Democratic Revolution. All party activities are constantly dependent on and determined by the awareness and spontaneous actions of the masses, and their correctness is verified among the masses. This guiding principle, which states that "we can guide the actions of the masses by learning from the masses, concentrating their knowledge and experience, and transforming it into systematic, higher-level knowledge," was emphasized by Liu Shaoqi in his explanation of the revision of the Party Constitution at the Seventh Plenary Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1945. Under this guiding principle, emphasis is placed on the urgent daily economic and political struggles of the broad masses and the struggle for partial demands, but the fundamental premise is the recognition that the liberation of the people is something that the masses themselves must carry out. Today, the mass line is generally considered to be the activating principle of the socialist movement, but Engels had already foreseen it as a problem of a revolution by the majority. According to Engels, "The proper form of the socialist revolution is not a revolution carried out by a conscious minority at the head of the unconscious masses. For social change, the masses themselves must participate, and they must understand what is at stake and to what they are acting, devoting their bodies and lives. It takes long, patient work for the masses to understand what they should do" (Marx, Preface to The Class Struggle in France, 1895). [Yoshikazu Murakami] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
新民主主義革命下で確かめられた、中国共産党の大衆闘争の指導原則。すべての党活動は、絶えず大衆の自覚と自発的行動に依存し、それによって決定されるとともに、大衆のなかでこそその正しさが検証される、とする。「大衆から学び、大衆の知識と経験を集中し、それを系統的ないっそう高度の知識に変えることによって、大衆の行動を指導できる」とするこの指導方針は、1945年の中国共七産党全大会での党規約改正の説明において、劉少奇(りゅうしょうき)によって強調された。この指導原則の下で、広範な大衆の切実な日常の経済・政治闘争や部分的要求の闘争が重視されるが、その大前提には、人民大衆の解放は大衆自ら行うものである、という認識がある。 今日、大衆路線は一般に社会主義運動の活動原則とされているが、すでに多数者革命の問題としてエンゲルスによっても展望されていた。エンゲルスによれば、「社会主義革命の本来の形態は、無自覚な大衆の先頭にたった自覚した少数者が遂行する革命ではない。社会変革のために、大衆自身が参加し、彼ら自身が、何が問題になっているか、何のために彼らは肉体と生命を捧(ささ)げて行動するのかを、理解していなければならない。大衆が何をなすべきかを理解するためには、長い間の根気づよい仕事が必要である」(マルクス『フランスにおける階級闘争』への序文、1895年)。 [村上義和] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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