Sunpu

The location of the Suruga Kokufu, which was located in Abe County, Suruga Province in ancient times. Currently Shizuoka City. It is thought to be the location of "Abe no Ichi," which appears in the poem "Kasuga no Kuraobitoyu" in the "Manyoshu" (volume 3, miscellaneous poems), and in addition to the provincial government office, the site of Kokubunji Temple and Kokubunniji Temple are also identified as this area, although there are other theories. The first appearance of the name of the area is in the entry for December 24, 1190 in the "Azuma Kagami," which states that Minamoto no Yoritomo stayed at "Suruga Kokufu" on his way back from Kyoto. From around the 15th century, the name "Suruga Fuchu" appeared frequently in documents, and further, in the mid-Muromachi period, after the Uesugi Zenshu Rebellion (1416), the abbreviated name "Sunpu" began to appear. After that, while both names were used interchangeably, there was a tendency for the post stations on the Tokaido to be called Fuchu, and for the residences and castles that warlords such as Imagawa, Takeda, and Tokugawa had built in the area to be called Sunpu, and these two names seem to have become established.

Sunpu is an area that opens up in the center of the alluvial fan formed by the Abe River. It was formed by combining various functions such as the area that developed as the front gates of Otoshimiyoya Shrine, Kanbe Shrine (listed in the Engishiki), which are located at the foot of Mt. Shizuhata to avoid flooding from the Abe River, Sengen Shrine, which was enshrined as one of the Suruga Soja during the Heian period, Yokota Station, which was established under the ancient station system, and local government offices such as the Suruga Kokufu. In particular, after 1409 (Oei 16), when the Imagawa clan is said to have entered Sunpu as the governor of Suruga, the area gradually expanded and became the base of Tokugawa Ieyasu's period of rule over five provinces (1582-90), and in 1607 (Keicho 12), when Ieyasu handed over the position of Shogun to Hidetada, he chose Sunpu as his place of retirement, which led to the development of Sunpu Castle and the castle town, and the establishment of the foundations for Sunpu thereafter.In the early modern period, Sunpu became the castle grounds of Naito Nobunari, Tokugawa Yorinobu, and Tokugawa Tadanaga, but after these daimyo were transferred or stripped of their territories, the Sunpu Castle lord and the Sunpu magistrate's office were established there, and the town flourished as a local government office. In addition, the prosperity of Fuchu-shuku on the Tokaido and the development of tea production in the villages along the Abe and Warashina rivers contributed to the gradual growth of the area. With the surrender of Edo Castle, the Tokugawa family, whose territory was reduced, moved to Sunpu with Iesato as their head, but in 1869 (Meiji 2) they changed the name of the area to Shizuoka to show their allegiance to the new government.

[Atsuyuki Wakabayashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

古代の駿河(するが)国安倍(あべ)郡に置かれた駿河国府の所在地。現静岡市。『万葉集』（巻3、雑歌）の春日蔵首老(かすがのくらおびとおゆ)の歌に出る「阿倍(あべ)の市(いち)」のあった所と考えられ、国衙(こくが)のほか、異説はあるが国分寺・国分尼寺址(し)などもこの地に比定されている。土地の呼称としては、『吾妻鏡(あづまかがみ)』建久(けんきゅう)元年（1190）12月24日条に、源頼朝(よりとも)が京都からの帰途「駿河国府」に泊まったという記載が初見とされる。15世紀前後からは「駿河府中」の呼称が文書などに頻出し、さらに室町中期ごろ、上杉禅秀(ぜんしゅう)の乱（1416）を境に、その略称「駿府」の名が出てくる。以後、両者は併用されつつも、東海道の宿駅は府中と称し、今川、武田、徳川ら各武将がこの地に構えた居館や城郭にかかわっては駿府と称する傾向がみられ、それぞれ定着していったようである。

　駿府は安倍川の形成した扇状地の扇央部分に開けた所である。安倍川の洪水を避けるように賤機山(しずはたやま)の端の麓(ふもと)に鎮座する大歳御祖(おおとしみおや)神社・神部(かんべ)神社（式内社）や平安時代駿河総社(そうじゃ)の一つとして勧請(かんじょう)された浅間(せんげん)神社等々の門前として発達した部分、古代駅制により成立した横田駅の部分、および駿河国府をはじめとする地方政庁等の諸機能が総合されて形成された。とくに今川氏が駿河の守護として駿府に入ったとされる1409年（応永16）以降、漸次膨張し、徳川家康の五か国支配時代（1582～90）の拠点となり、また1607年（慶長12）将軍職を秀忠(ひでただ)に譲った家康が莵裘(ときゅう)（隠棲(いんせい)）の地を駿府に定めたことから、駿府城ならびに城下町は整備され、駿府のその後の基盤は確立した。近世の駿府は内藤信成(のぶなり)、徳川頼宣(よりのぶ)および徳川忠長(ただなが)の城地となったが、これらの大名が転封あるいは改易されたのちは駿府城代や駿府代官所などが置かれ、地方政庁の町として栄えた。このほか、東海道府中宿の繁栄および安倍川・藁科(わらしな)川に沿って開けた村々での茶生産の発達とかかわる谷口集落的条件も加えて漸次成長を続けていた。江戸開城とともに所領を削られた徳川宗家は家達(いえさと)を当主として駿府に入ったが、1869年（明治2）維新政府に恭順を示すため、地名を静岡と改めた。

［若林淳之］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例