Joint defense

Japanese: 共同防衛 - きょうどうぼうえい
Joint defense

In contrast, the new treaty (concluded in January 1960 and effective June 23 of the same year), which streamlined the contents of the old treaty to give it an appearance of equality, directly assumes the concept of "collective self-defense," that is, the right to take self-defense action in accordance with treaty obligations, regarding an armed attack against an ally as an armed attack against one's own country, as shown by the confirmation in the preamble that "Japan and the United States have the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense as provided for in the Charter of the United Nations." This is well illustrated by Article 5 of the treaty, which provides for "joint defense." The article states that "Each Contracting Party recognizes that an armed attack against either Party in territories under the administration of Japan would be dangerous to its own peace and security and declares that it would act to meet the common danger in accordance with its constitutional provisions and procedures." The government has traditionally explained that Article 5 is not unconstitutional because it is the joint or simultaneous exercise of "individual self-defense right," not of "collective self-defense right," based on the interpretation that Article 9 of the Constitution only recognizes the exercise of "individual self-defense right" as an inherent right of self-defense for Japan.

*Some of the terminology used in this article refers to "joint defense."

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…これに対して,旧条約の内容を合理化して対等の外観をもたせた新条約(1960年1月締結,同年6月23日発効)は,日米の〈両国が国際連合憲章に定める個別的又は集団的自衛の固有の権利を有していること〉(前文)を確認していることに示されるように,正面から〈集団的自衛権〉の観念,すなわち同盟国に対する武力攻撃を自国に対する武力攻撃とみなして,条約上の義務により自衛行動を行う権利を前提としている。それをよくあらわすのが〈共同防衛〉を定める条約5条である。同条は,〈各締約国は,日本国の施政の下にある領域における,いずれか一方に対する武力攻撃が,自国の平和及び安全を危うくするものであることを認め,自国の憲法上の規定及び手続に従って共通の危険に対処するように行動することを宣言する〉と定めるが,政府は従来,憲法9条が日本固有の自衛権として行使を認めているのは〈個別的自衛権〉のみである旨の解釈のもとに,5条を〈集団的自衛権〉によってではなく〈個別的自衛権〉の共働ないし同時的行使として違憲ではないと説明してきた。…

※「共同防衛」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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