Yu King - Touou

Years of birth and death unknown. King of the founding of the Yin dynasty. Counting from the founder, Qi, he is said to be the 14th king. In the "Records of the Grand Historian," he is called Chengtang or Tianyi, and in the "Book of Songs," he is called Wutang, Tang, or King Wu, but in the oracle bones, he is called Tang, Dayi, or Gaozu Yi. Tang moved his capital to Bo, conquered Ge, Kunwu, and San, and finally attacked Xia, defeated Jie, and became the emperor. There have been many different theories about the location of Bo, where Tang's capital was located, since ancient times, but in 1983, a city wall believed to date back to the early Yin dynasty was discovered in Shixianggou, west of Yanshi County, Henan Province. The site of the capital city measures approximately 1,700 meters north to south, 1,200 meters east to west, and covers an area of ​​approximately 1.9 million square meters. It has come to be speculated that this may be the place referred to as "Xibo" in many ancient documents, such as the "Shixiang, the capital of Yinyu" in the "Geography" section of the "Book of Han."

[Matsumaru Michio]

“Henan Second Working Group, Institute of Archeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Report on Excavation of Yanshi Shangcheng” (Included in Archaeology, 1984, 6th period, Scientific Publishing)”

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

生没年不詳。殷(いん)王朝創始の王。始祖、契(せつ)より数えて14世にあたるという。『史記』には成湯、天乙といい、『詩経』には武湯、湯、武王ともいうが、甲骨文では唐、大乙、高祖乙などとよばれている。湯は亳(はく)に都を移し、葛(かつ)、昆吾(こんご)、三(さんそう)を征し、ついに夏(か)を討って桀(けつ)を破り、天子の位についた、という。湯の都したという亳の所在については古来異説が多いが、1983年、河南省偃師(えんし)県西の尸郷溝(しきょうこう)に、殷代初期と推定される城壁が発見された。南北約1700メートル、東西約1200メートル、面積約190万平方メートルの都城址(とじょうし)で、『漢書』地理志の「尸郷、殷湯の都せしところ」など、古文献に多く「西亳」とする地がこれであろうと推測されるに至った。

［松丸道雄］

『中国社会科学院考古研究所河南第二工作隊「偃師商城発掘簡報」（『考古』1984年第六期所収・科学出版社）』

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