Squish

Japanese: squinch
Squish

...When a dome is placed over a cylindrical wall (such as the Pantheon in Rome), it is relatively easy to join the two, but when constructing a dome over a square room, it is necessary to devise a way to connect the four corners of the room to the bottom edge of the dome. This can be done by placing horizontal diagonal members (squinches) at the corners and connecting only the top of the square room to an octagon or a polygon closer to a circle, or by using arches (squinch arches) instead of horizontal diagonal members, but the method using pendentives is more mechanically rational than these and has a greater sculptural effect. A support structure similar to the pendentive was already invented at the end of the Roman period, but its origins are probably in small residential buildings in the Roman region of Syria. ...

*Some of the terminology that mentions "squinch" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…円筒形の壁体にドームを架す場合(ローマのパンテオン)には両者の接合が比較的容易であるが,方形の部屋にドームを架構する際には部屋の四隅とドームの下縁をつなぐ工夫が必要となる。これには,隅部に水平な斜材(スキンチsquinch)を置き,方形室の上面のみを八角形ないしより円に近い多角形として接続する方法,あるいは水平斜材の代りにアーチ(スキンチ・アーチ)を用いる方法等があるが,ペンデンティブを用いる方法はこれらに比べて力学的合理性にすぐれ,造形的効果も大きい。 ローマ時代末期にはすでにペンデンティブに似た支持構造が考案されていたが,起源はおそらくローマ領シリア地方の小規模住宅建築にあると考えられる。…

※「squinch」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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