Norfolk (English spelling)

Japanese: ノーフォーク（英語表記）Norfolk

A seaport city in southeastern Virginia, United States, near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. It is the largest city in the state, and together with the neighboring ports of Portsmouth, Chesapeake, Hampton, and Newport News, it forms a metropolitan area with a population of about 1.4 million, surrounding Hampton Roads, one of the world's best ports. The town was founded in 1682. It prospered through the shipping of tobacco, lumber, and other products, and trade with the West Indies, but it was devastated during the War of Independence, followed by a yellow fever epidemic (1855) and the Civil War (61), and recovery was delayed until the completion of the railroad and port facilities in 1870. Hampton Roads later became the world's largest coal shipping port, and continued to expand during World War I and World War II by shipping supplies and military supplies to the allied countries. Currently, the main imported and exported goods are coal, tobacco, cotton, and lumber, and exports exceed imports. The city expanded with a construction boom after World War II, and industries such as shipbuilding, chemicals, textiles, and auto parts manufacturing became popular. It is an important naval port and is home to the headquarters of the Atlantic Fleet. Population: 242,803 (2010).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

アメリカ合衆国，バージニア州南東部，チェサピーク湾の出口に近い海港都市。同州最大の都市で，隣接するポーツマス，チェサピーク，ハンプトン，ニューポートニューズの諸港市とともに世界でも屈指の良港ハンプトンローズを囲み，連接して人口約 140万の大都市圏を形成している。町の起源は 1682年。タバコ，木材などの積出し，西インド諸島との貿易で繁栄したが，独立戦争で壊滅的な破壊を受け，黄熱病の流行 (1855) ，南北戦争 (61) などが続き，1870年の鉄道および港湾施設の完成まで復興は遅れた。その後ハンプトンローズは世界最大の石炭積出港となり，第1，2次世界大戦中は同盟国への物資や軍需品の積出しで拡張を続けた。現在おもな輸・移出貨物は石炭，タバコ，綿花，木材などで輸出のほうが輸入より多い。第2次世界大戦後の建築ブームで市街地は拡大し，造船，化学工業，繊維，自動車部品製造などの工業も盛ん。重要な軍港で，大西洋艦隊司令部がある。人口 24万2803（2010）。

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