Nobara - Nobara

Japanese: ノバラ - のばら
Nobara - Nobara

It is used synonymously with Rosa multiflora, a member of the genus Rosa in the family Rosaceae (APG classification: Rosaceae), but is generally used as a general term for wild plants of the genus Rosa. There are about 200 species, mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, with 13 species distributed in Japan. They are deciduous, with erect or semi-erect plants, as well as some that are slightly climbing and creeping. They usually have thorns, but are rarely without. The leaves are alternate and odd-pinnate. The flowers range from single to clustered, with four or more petals and many stamens. They usually have five calyxes. The flower colors are white, red, and yellow, and their combinations, and there are three types of pigments: anthocyanin, flavonoid, and carotenoid.

Ornamental roses cultivated for decoration are mainly artificial hybrids of wild roses, but natural hybrids have also occurred between species native to Japan, some of which are difficult to classify.

[Shozo Suzuki January 21, 2020]

Cultural history

In ancient times it was called Umara, and in the Man'yoshu there is a song that goes, "At the end of the thorns on the road, I will walk with you, entangled in beans" (vol. 20.4352). R. villosa L. ( R. pomifera Herrm.), a type of wild rose native to Europe, has been used to make wine since Roman times. During World War II, when it became difficult for Britain to import oranges and lemons, they made syrup from wild dog rose R. canina L. to supplement their vitamin C intake. In 1943, 500 tons were collected, and 2.5 million bottles of syrup were produced.

[Hiroshi Yuasa January 21, 2020]

[Reference item] | Rose of the Rose

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

バラ科(APG分類:バラ科)バラ属Rosaのノイバラと同意義に用いられるが、一般には野生のバラ属植物の総称名として用いられる。主として北半球に約200種あり、日本には13種分布する。落葉性で、直立または半直立のほか、ややよじ登るもの、地をはうものもある。普通は刺(とげ)があるが、まれにないものもある。葉は互生で奇数羽状葉。花は単一から房状にあるものまであり、花弁は4枚以上、雄しべは多数。萼(がく)は普通は5枚。花色は白、紅、黄色の濃淡およびその組合せがあり、色素はアントシアン系、フラボン系、カロチノイド系の3系がある。

 観賞用の栽培バラはノバラの人工雑種を主としたものであるが、日本の自生種間においては自然雑種を生じ、分類困難なものもある。

[鈴木省三 2020年1月21日]

文化史

古くはウマラとよばれ、『万葉集』に「道のへの茨(うまら)の末(うれ)に延(は)ほ豆(まめ)のからまる君をはかれか行かむ」(巻20.4352)と歌われる。ノバラの一種でヨーロッパ産のR. villosa L.(R. pomifera Herrm.)は、ローマ時代から、その果実でワインがつくられた。第二次世界大戦中イギリスはオレンジやレモンの輸入が困難になり、野生のドッグローズR. canina L.でシロップをつくり、ビタミンCの補給を図った。1943年には500トンを集め、250万本の瓶詰シロップが生産された。

[湯浅浩史 2020年1月21日]

[参照項目] | ノイバラ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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