Born: circa 1514. Haddington, East Lothian Died November 24, 1572. Edinburgh. A leader of the Scottish Reformation and historian. One of the founders of Puritanism and a pioneer of Presbyterianism. He became a Reformer through his friendship with the Lutheran Wishart, and after Wishart's execution, he became a preacher at St. Andrews Castle (1547). After the fall of Scotland to the French, he was held captive as a slave for 19 months, and in the spring of 1549 was released and traveled to England, where he became the court chaplain of Edward VI. After the accession of Mary I to the throne, he fled to the continent with other Reformers, and was influenced by Calvin in Geneva. After the victory of the Reformation in the Wars of Religion (59-60), he worked hard to establish the Reformed Church in Edinburgh. His theory of the divine right of resistance became a support for the Reformed Church. He had the "Scottish Creed" and "Rules of Worship" ratified by Parliament, laying the foundations of the Reformation. His main work is History of the Reformation of Religion in the realm of Scotland (84). Knox |
[生]1514頃.イーストロージャンス,ハディングトン [没]1572.11.24. エディンバラ スコットランドにおける宗教改革の指導者,歴史家。ピューリタニズムの創始者の一人,長老主義の先駆者。ルター主義者ウィシャートとの親交によって宗教改革者となり,ウィシャート処刑後,セントアンドルーズ城の説教者となった (1547) 。フランス軍による陥落後,奴隷として 19ヵ月間捕われ,49年春釈放されてイギリスにおもむき,エドワード6世の宮廷牧師になった。メアリー1世即位後はほかの宗教改革者とともに大陸に逃れ,ジュネーブでカルバンの影響を受けた。帰国し,宗教戦争 (59~60) における改革派の勝利ののち,エディンバラで改革派教会の制度づくりに尽力した。彼の抵抗権神授論は改革派教会の支えとなった。「スコットランド信条」や「礼拝規則書」を議会で批准させ,宗教改革の基礎を築いた。主著『スコットランド宗教改革史』 History of the Reformation of Religion in the realm of Scotland (84) 。 ノックス
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