Knox, John

Japanese: ノックス(英語表記)Knox, John
Knox, John
Born: circa 1514. Haddington, East Lothian
Died November 24, 1572. Edinburgh. A leader of the Scottish Reformation and historian. One of the founders of Puritanism and a pioneer of Presbyterianism. He became a Reformer through his friendship with the Lutheran Wishart, and after Wishart's execution, he became a preacher at St. Andrews Castle (1547). After the fall of Scotland to the French, he was held captive as a slave for 19 months, and in the spring of 1549 was released and traveled to England, where he became the court chaplain of Edward VI. After the accession of Mary I to the throne, he fled to the continent with other Reformers, and was influenced by Calvin in Geneva. After the victory of the Reformation in the Wars of Religion (59-60), he worked hard to establish the Reformed Church in Edinburgh. His theory of the divine right of resistance became a support for the Reformed Church. He had the "Scottish Creed" and "Rules of Worship" ratified by Parliament, laying the foundations of the Reformation. His main work is History of the Reformation of Religion in the realm of Scotland (84).

Knox
Knox, Philander Chase

Born May 6, 1853 in Brownsville, Pennsylvania.
[Died] October 12, 1921, Washington, DC
American lawyer and politician. He practiced law in Pittsburgh from 1877 to 1901. In 1801, he was appointed Attorney General by President W. McKinley, and played an active role in regulating trusts. In 1804, he was elected to the U.S. Senate from Pennsylvania, and in 1809 he became Secretary of State under President W. Taft. He promoted the full-scale overseas expansion of American capital through so-called "dollar diplomacy," which used dollars instead of bullets, in Latin America, East Asia, and West Asia. This led to the steady implementation of a policy of dominating the Caribbean region, especially with dollars and the Marines. He was elected to the U.S. Senate again in 1817. He was known as a strong opponent of the League of Nations.

Knox
Knox, Henry

Born: July 25, 1750, Boston, USA
[Died] October 25, 1806. Thomaston, Maine, USA. American soldier and politician. First Secretary of War. He was a bookseller in Boston, but joined the Continental Army during the War of Independence. In the winter of 1775, he transported cannons and many other weapons from Fort Ticonderoga in New York, crossed the frozen Hudson River, and returned to Boston in the snow. With these weapons, he created an artillery corps for the Continental Army, and, taking command as a major general, relieved the siege of Boston by the British. He was trusted by G. Washington as the most capable and reliable of all his generals. He became the first Inspector General of the Army under the Articles of Confederation in 1785, and subsequently served as Secretary of War under Washington's administration.

Knox
Knox, Ronald Arbuthnott

Born: 17 February 1888, Kibworth
[Died] April 24, 1957. Mels. British Catholic theologian. Born into an Anglican family. In 1910 he was a research fellow at Oxford University, and in 1912 he was student chaplain. In 1917 he converted to Catholicism, and served as the university's Catholic chaplain from 1926 to 1939. He translated the Old and New Testaments into English by himself (the New Testament was published in 1945, the Old Testament in 1949). He was also active as a social commentator, and wrote an autobiography and a detective novel.

Knox
NOx

A general term for nitrogen oxides (NOx). A term used to refer to nitrogen oxides as air pollutants. Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide ( NO2 ) contained mainly in automobile exhaust gases are considered to be problematic, and NO2 in particular is considered to be the cause of photochemical smog.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1514頃.イーストロージャンス,ハディングトン
[没]1572.11.24. エディンバラ
スコットランドにおける宗教改革の指導者,歴史家。ピューリタニズムの創始者の一人,長老主義の先駆者。ルター主義者ウィシャートとの親交によって宗教改革者となり,ウィシャート処刑後,セントアンドルーズ城の説教者となった (1547) 。フランス軍による陥落後,奴隷として 19ヵ月間捕われ,49年春釈放されてイギリスにおもむき,エドワード6世の宮廷牧師になった。メアリー1世即位後はほかの宗教改革者とともに大陸に逃れ,ジュネーブでカルバンの影響を受けた。帰国し,宗教戦争 (59~60) における改革派の勝利ののち,エディンバラで改革派教会の制度づくりに尽力した。彼の抵抗権神授論は改革派教会の支えとなった。「スコットランド信条」や「礼拝規則書」を議会で批准させ,宗教改革の基礎を築いた。主著『スコットランド宗教改革史』 History of the Reformation of Religion in the realm of Scotland (84) 。

ノックス
Knox, Philander Chase

[生]1853.5.6. ペンシルバニア,ブラウンズビル
[没]1921.10.12. ワシントンD.C.
アメリカの法律家,政治家。 1877~1901年ピッツバーグで法律家として活躍。 01年 W.マッキンレー大統領の司法長官に任命され,トラスト規制に活躍。 04年ペンシルバニアから連邦上院議員に選出され,09年 W.タフト大統領の国務長官となり,ラテンアメリカ,東アジア,西アジアにおいて「銃弾に代えるにドルをもってする」いわゆる「ドル外交」を展開し,アメリカ資本の本格的海外進出を推進した。これにより,特にドルと海兵隊によってカリブ海地域を支配する政策が着実に実行された。 17年再び連邦上院議員。国際連盟の強力な反対者として知られた。

ノックス
Knox, Henry

[生]1750.7.25. アメリカ,ボストン
[没]1806.10.25. アメリカ,メーン,トマストン
アメリカの軍人,政治家。初代の陸軍長官。ボストンで書籍商を営んでいたが,独立戦争に際し大陸軍に参加。 1775年冬,ニューヨークのタイコンデロガ要塞から大砲など多数の武器を運び出し,凍てついたハドソン川を渡河して雪のなかをボストンに帰還。この武器によって大陸軍の砲兵隊をつくり,みずから少将として指揮をとり,イギリス軍のボストン包囲を解いた。 G.ワシントンから麾下の将軍中最も有能で信頼のおける人物として信任されていた。 85年連合規約のもとで初代の陸軍総監となり,続いてワシントン政権下でも陸軍長官をつとめた。

ノックス
Knox, Ronald Arbuthnott

[生]1888.2.17. キブワース
[没]1957.4.24. メルス
イギリスのカトリック神学者。アングリカンの家庭に生れる。 1910年オックスフォード大学の研究員,12年学生指導司祭。 17年カトリックに改宗,26~39年まで同大学のカトリック指導司祭。旧新約聖書を独力で英訳 (新約,1945刊,旧約,49刊) 。社会評論家としても活躍し,ほかに自叙伝,探偵小説も著わしている。

ノックス
NOx

窒素酸化物 NOxの総称。大気汚染物質としての窒素酸化物をさすときに使われる用語。おもに自動車の排ガス中に含まれる一酸化窒素 (NO) と二酸化窒素 ( NO2 ) が問題とされ,特に NO2 は光化学スモッグの原因とされている。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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